Prompt-Based Graph Convolution Adversarial Meta-Learning for Few-Shot Text Classification

Deep learning techniques have demonstrated significant advancements in the task of text classification. Regrettably, the majority of these techniques necessitate a substantial corpus of annotated data to achieve optimal performance. Meta-learning has yielded intriguing outcomes in few-shot learning tasks, showcasing its potential in advancing the field. However, the current meta-learning methodologies are susceptible to overfitting due to the mismatch between a small number of samples and the complexity of the model. To mitigate this concern, we propose a Prompt-based Graph Convolutional Adversarial (PGCA) meta-learning framework, aiming to improve the adaptability of complex models in a few-shot scenario. Firstly, leveraging prompt learning, we generate embedding representations that bridge the downstream tasks. Then, we design a meta-knowledge extractor based on a graph convolutional neural network (GCN) to capture inter-class dependencies through instance-level interactions. We also integrate the adversarial network architecture into a meta-learning framework to extend sample diversity through adversarial training and improve the ability of the model to adapt to new tasks. Specifically, we mitigate the impact of extreme samples by introducing external knowledge to construct a list of class prototype extensions. Finally, we conduct a series of experiments on four public datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method

The Dependence of Fe\u3csup\u3eIII\u3c/sup\u3e Hydrolysis on Ionic Strength in NaCl Solutions

The influence of ionic strength on FeOH2+ formation (0.1 m ≤ I ≤ 6.0 m) in NaCl solutions at 25 °C was observed potentiometrically, and can be summarized as logB1*=−2.34(±0.01)−2.044I1/2/(1+1.70(±0.08)I1/2)−0.228(±0.005)I where B1* = [FeOH2+][H+][FeIII]− 1, brackets denote species concentrations, and [FeIII] is the total FeIII concentration ([FeIII]T) exclusive of hydrolyzed forms of FeIII ([FeIII] = [Fe3+] + [FeCl2+] + [FeCl2+]). The magnitude of B1* is well described in terms of FeIII hydrolysis constants (β1*) determined in NaClO4 solutions (β1* = [FeOH2+][H+][Fe3+]− 1), and ferric chloride formation constants determined in moderately acidic solutions (Clβ1 = [FeCl2+][Fe3+]− 1[Cl−]− 1, Clβ2 = [FeCl2+][Fe3+]− 1[Cl−]− 2): logβ1*=−2.179(±0.012)−2.044I1/2/(1+2.42(±0.11)I1/2)+0.020(±0.004)I logClβ1=1.26(±0.01)−3.066I1/2/(1+2.10(±0.06)I1/2)+0.130(±0.003)I logClβ2=2.53(±0.16)−5.11I1/2/(1+0.86(±0.22)I1/2)+0.27(±0.12)I Ferric chloride formation constants are strongly medium dependent. At high ionic strengths, FeCl2+ formation constants are much larger in HClO4 solutions than in NaClO4 solutions. In strong acids (HClO4 + HCl) log Clβ1 is given as logClβ1=1.26(±0.04)−3.066I1/2/(1+1.78(±0.11)I1/2)+0.244(±0.006)I Chloride complexation exerts a strong influence on the magnitude of B1*. In 0.7 m NaCl, B1* is smaller than β1* by a factor of three, and in 6 m NaCl, B1* is smaller than β1* by a factor of eighty. Chloride complexation also exerts a strong influence on the enthalpy of FeIII hydrolysis. While observations of the influence of temperature on β1* in 0.72 m NaClO4 indicate that the enthalpy for the FeIII hydrolysis reaction is ΔH = 42.7 ± 0.8 kJ mol− 1 [Byrne, R.H., Luo, Y.R., Young, R.W., 2000. Iron hydrolysis and solubility revisited: observations and comments on iron hydrolysis characterizations. Mar. Chem. 70, 23–35], observations of B1* in 0.7 m NaCl indicate that ΔH = 26.0 ± 1.2 kJ mol− 1. This result is in good agreement with results obtained via solubility analysis [Liu, X., Millero, F.J., 1999. The solubility of iron hydroxide in sodium chloride solutions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63, 3487–3497]. Potentiometric observations of FeIII solubility equilibria in 0.7 m NaCl at 25 °C can be summarized as log[Fe3+]=4.62(±0.06)−2.73(±0.01)pH The slope (n = − 2.73) obtained for freshly precipitated hydrous ferric oxides in 0.7 m NaCl is identical to that observed in previous work [Biedermann, G., Chow, J.T., 1966. Studies on the hydrolysis of metal ions. Acta Chem. Scand. 20 (5), 1376–1388] using aged precipitates in 0.5 m NaCl. This slope is somewhat smaller than that observed in 0.7 m NaClO4 at 25 °C [n = − 2.86 ± 0.009; Byrne, R.H., Luo, Y.R., 2000. Direct observations of nonintegral hydrous ferric oxide solubility products: Kso*=[Fe3+][H+]−2.86. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 64, 1873–1877.]

Environment-Friendly and Two-Component Method for Fabrication of Highly Hydrophobic Wood Using Poly(methylhydrogen)siloxane

Practical application of wood remains a great challenge because of its highly hydrophilic property. In this work, highly hydrophobic wood was produced using an environment-friendly and two-component package method. Poly(methylhydrogen)siloxane (PMHS) and inhibitor played the key role in the hydrophobicity of wood and the assembly process. The two-component package mechanism was discussed in detail. As a result, the water contact angles of the modified wood surface for the radial and cross sections were 139.5° and 152.9°, respectively, which provided the resultant wood high hydrophobicity and dimensional stability. The two-component package method afforded the wood good anti-fouling property and UV-resistance. In addition, the two-component package method could also be applied in functionalization of filter paper for oil/water separation

miRNA-223 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for osteosarcoma

Background: MicroRNA-223 (miR-223) has been shown to be a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for several cancers. In addition, miR-223 has been reported to suppress osteosarcoma cell proliferation in vitro. However, the clinical value of miR-223 is still unknown. Methods: We detected the expression of miR-223 expression in the serum of osteosarcoma patients and in osteosarcoma cancer cells using RT-PCR. We compared the serum expression of miR-223 with the clinicopathological characteristics and survival of osteosarcoma patients. Finally, we explored the role of miR-223 on the invasion of osteosarcoma cancer cells using cell migration and invasion assays. Results: We observed that the expression of miR-223 was significantly decreased in the serum of osteosarcoma patients and osteosarcoma cancer cells compared to healthy controls (P<0.01). Moreover, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that serum miR-223 is a potential diagnostic marker of osteosarcoma with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.956. Importantly, the patients with a lower expression of miR-223 tended to have distant metastasis (P<0.001) and a more advanced clinical stage (P<0.001). In addition, the survival time of patients with low miR-223 expression was significantly shorter compared to patients with high miR-223 expression (P<0.001). Furthermore, we found that miR-223 could inhibit the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Conclusions: miR-223 might be related to the metastasis of osteosarcoma and could be used as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in osteosarcoma

Functional Characterization of the Promoter and Second Intron of CUM1 During Flower Development in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

The characterization of flower specific promoter is critical during flower development by cucumber transformation technology. AGAMOUS (AG) is an organ identity gene that is required for carpel and stamen development in Arabidopsis. The promoter and second intron of AG contain multiple regulatory elements that confer proper spatial and temporal expression. Cucumber is an important vegetable with unisexual flowers. Cucumber MADS-box 1 (CUM1) is the AG homolog in cucumber, belonging to the euAG lineage along with AG. In situ hybridization showed that CUM1 was specifically expressed in the stamens and carpels of cucumber. GUS staining indicated that the second intron of CUM1 confers stamen-specific expression, while the promoter of CUM1 drives both stamen- and carpel-specific expression during the early stages of flower development, but is restricted to carpel- and connectivum-specific expression during the late stages of flower development. Furthermore, a yeast one-hybrid assay demonstrated that two auxin response factors (CsARF13 and CsARF17) had bound directly to the second intron of CUM1. Our data suggest that different regulatory circuits operate in AG homologs in plant species with distinct sex types. Keywords: cucumber, CUM1, promoter, intron, in situ hybridization, GUS staining, yeast one-hybri

A role for CBFβ in maintaining the metastatic phenotype of breast cancer cells

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process that drives cancer cell plasticity and is thought to play a major role in metastasis. Here we show, using MDA-MB-231 cells as a model, that the plasticity of at least some metastatic breast cancer cells is dependent on the transcriptional co-regulator CBFβ. We demonstrate that CBFβ is essential to maintain the mesenchymal phenotype of triple-negative breast cancer cells and that CBFβ-depleted cells undergo a mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) and re-organise into acini-like structures, reminiscent of those formed by epithelial breast cells. We subsequently show, using an inducible CBFβ system, that the MET can be reversed, thus demonstrating the plasticity of CBFβ-mediated EMT. Moreover, the MET can be reversed by expression of the EMT transcription factor Slug whose expression is dependent on CBFβ. Finally, we demonstrate that loss of CBFβ inhibits the ability of metastatic breast cancer cells to invade bone cell cultures and suppresses their ability to form bone metastases in vivo. Together our findings demonstrate that CBFβ can determine the plasticity of the metastatic cancer cell phenotype, suggesting that its regulation in different micro-environments may play a key role in the establishment of metastatic tumours

Improvement Design of a Two-Stage Double-Suction Centrifugal Pump for Wide-Range Efficiency Enhancement

Two-stage double-suction centrifugal pumps have both a large flow and high head. However, due to the complexity of their flow passage components, efficiency has always been a major problem, and the corresponding head is also prone to insufficiency. In this study, an improved design for a two-stage double-suction centrifugal pump unit with a specific speed of 25.9 was developed with the help of a computer. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used to evaluate the performance and loss of the unit in the process of improvement. The unit’s inlet division section, two semi-spiral suction chambers, two impellers for the first stage, two inter-stage channels, a double-suction impeller for the second stage, and the volute were able to be improved. Through a total of 39 improvements, the efficiency under multiple working conditions was comprehensively improved, and the head had a reasonable margin in meeting the requirements. After the improvements, the flow pattern in the inter-stage channel and volume were significantly improved through the check of the streamline. This research successfully improved the performance of a two-stage double-suction centrifugal pump unit, and it has significant engineering value

Development of a Novel Optical Biosensor for Detection of Organophoshorus Pesticides Based on Methyl Parathion Hydrolase Immobilized by Metal-Chelate Affinity

We have developed a novel optical biosensor device using recombinant methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH) enzyme immobilized on agarose by metal-chelate affinity to detect organophosphorus (OP) compounds with a nitrophenyl group. The biosensor principle is based on the optical measurement of the product of OP catalysis by MPH (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;-nitrophenol). Briefly, MPH containing six sequential histidines (6× His tag) at its &lt;em&gt;N&lt;/em&gt;-terminal was bound to nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) agarose with Ni ions, resulting in the flexible immobilization of the bio-reaction platform. The optical biosensing system consisted of two light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and one photodiode. The LED that emitted light at the wavelength of the maximum absorption for &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;-nitrophenol served as the signal light, while the other LED that showed no absorbance served as the reference light. The optical sensing system detected absorbance that was linearly correlated to methyl parathion (MP) concentration and the detection limit was estimated to be 4 μM. Sensor hysteresis was investigated and the results showed that at lower concentration range of MP the difference got from the opposite process curves was very small. With its easy immobilization of enzymes and simple design in structure, the system has the potential for development into a practical portable detector for field applications