9 research outputs found
Table1_Case Report: Combined transcatheter arterial embolization and aortic stent-graft have better efficacy for bronchial artery aneurysms.docx
Bronchial artery aneurysm (BAA) is a rare and fatal condition that requires immediate treatment. However, conventional surgical and transcatheter arterial embolization treatments are less effective. In the present case, a 76-year-old hypertensive woman was admitted with dizziness and diagnosed with an unruptured bronchial artery aneurysm, which was treated by transcatheter arterial embolization and aortic stent-graft. The patient's clinical status was stable during the 4-year follow-up. Simultaneously, we reviewed 79 research papers, analyzing past BAA cases for their etiology, symptoms, and treatment outcomes. We found that catheter arterial embolization and aortic stent-graft implantation, especially for BAA of short-necked and arterial tortuosity, demonstrate superior efficacy compared to other methods. Therefore, we consider this approach to be the preferred choice in clinical BAA treatment.</p
DataSheet_1_Deep focus-extended darkfield imaging for in situ observation of marine plankton.pdf
Darkfield imaging can achieve in situ observation of marine plankton with unique advantages of high-resolution, high-contrast and colorful imaging for plankton species identification, size measurement and abundance estimation. However, existing underwater darkfield imagers have very shallow depth-of-field, leading to inefficient seawater sampling for plankton observation. We develop a data-driven method that can algorithmically refocus planktonic objects in their defocused darkfield images, equivalently achieving focus-extension for their acquisition imagers. We devise a set of dual-channel imaging apparatus to quickly capture paired images of live plankton with different defocus degrees in seawater samples, simulating the settings as in in situ darkfield plankton imaging. Through a series of registration and preprocessing operations on the raw image pairs, a dataset consisting of 55 000 pairs of defocused-focused plankter images have been constructed with an accurate defocus distance label for each defocused image. We use the dataset to train an end-to-end deep convolution neural network named IsPlanktonFE, and testify its focus-extension performance through extensive experiments. The experimental results show that IsPlanktonFE has extended the depth-of-field of a 0.5× darkfield imaging system to ~7 times of its original value. Moreover, the model has exhibited good content and instrument generalizability, and considerable accuracy improvement for a pre-trained ResNet-18 network to classify defocused plankton images. This focus-extension technology is expected to greatly enhance the sampling throughput and efficiency for the future in situ marine plankton observation systems, and promote the wide applications of darkfield plankton imaging instruments in marine ecology research and aquatic environment monitoring programs.</p
Environmental Assessment of Management Options for Nutrient Flows in the Food Chain in China
The nitrogen (N)
and phosphorus (P) costs of food production have
increased greatly in China during the last 30 years, leading to eutrophication
of surface waters, nitrate leaching to groundwater, and greenhouse
gas emissions. Here, we present the results of scenario analyses in
which possible changes in food production–consumption in China
for the year 2030 were explored. Changes in food chain structure,
improvements in technology and management, and combinations of these
on food supply and environmental quality were analyzed with the NUFER
model. In the business as usual scenario, N and P fertilizer consumption
in 2030 will be driven by population growth and diet changes and will
both increase by 25%. N and P losses will increase by 44 and 73%,
respectively, relative to the reference year 2005. Scenarios with
increased imports of animal products and feed instead of domestic
production, and with changes in the human diet, indicate reductions
in fertilizer consumption and N and P losses relative to the business
as usual scenario. Implementation of a package of integrated nutrient
management measures may roughly nullify the increases in losses in
the business as usual scenario and may greatly increase the efficiency
of N and P throughout the whole food chain
Average yield components, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in different growth stages, and correlative coefficient (r) between grain yield and these parameters for all samples (n = 413).
**<p><i>p</i><0.01.</p
Total dry matter (A) and nitrogen (B) accumulation dynamics with N-0 (n = 79), N-opt (n = 126) and N-over (n = 154) treatments.
<p>(GS25, GS30, GS60, and GS100 are the regreening, stem elongation, anthesis, and maturity stages, respectively.).</p
Wheat stem dynamics at grain yields of <7 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> (n = 19), 7–9 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> (n = 21), and >9 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> (n = 33) with optimized N treatment.
<p>(GS20, GS23, GS30, GS60, and GS100 are the pre-tillering, before winter, stem elongation, anthesis, and maturity stages, respectively.).</p
Total dry matter (A) and nitrogen (B) accumulation dynamics at yield ranges of <7 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> (n = 179), 7–9 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> (n = 112), and >9 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> (n = 122).
<p>(GS25, GS30, GS60, and GS100 are the regreening, stem elongation, anthesis, and maturity stages, respectively.).</p
Descriptive statistics of yield for total samples, three yield ranges, and nitrogen levels (Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>).
a<p>n = number of observation.</p>b<p>SD = standard deviation.</p>c<p>Q = quartile.</p
Engineering Multilevel Collaborative Catalytic Interfaces with Multifunctional Iron Sites Enabling High-Performance Real Seawater Splitting
Given the abundant reserves of seawater
and the scarcity of freshwater,
real seawater electrolysis is a more economically appealing technology
for hydrogen production relative to orthodox freshwater electrolysis.
However, this technology is greatly precluded by the undesirable chlorine
oxidation reaction and severe chloride corrosion at the anode, further
restricting the catalytic efficiency of overall seawater splitting.
Herein, a feasible strategy by engineering multifunctional collaborative
catalytic interfaces is reported to develop porous metal nitride/phosphide
heterostructure arrays anchoring on conductive Ni2P surfaces
with affluent iron sites. Collaborative catalytic interfaces among
iron phosphide, bimetallic nitride, and porous Ni2P supports
play a positive role in improving water adsorption/dissociation and
hydrogen adsorption behaviors of active Fe sites evidenced by theoretical
calculations for hydrogen evolution reactions, and enhancing oxygenated
species adsorption and nitrate-rich passivating layers resistant to
chloride corrosion for oxygen evolution reaction, thus cooperatively
propelling high-performance bifunctional seawater splitting. The resultant
material Fe2P/Ni1.5Co1.5N/Ni2P performs excellently as a self-standing bifunctional catalyst
for alkaline seawater splitting. It requires extremely low cell voltages
of 1.624 and 1.742 V to afford current densities of 100 and 500 mA/cm2 in 1 M KOH seawater electrolytes, respectively, along with
superior long-term stability, outperforming nearly all the ever-reported
non-noble bifunctional electrocatalysts and benchmark Pt/IrO2 coupled electrodes for freshwater/seawater electrolysis. This work
presents an effective strategy for greatly enhancing the catalytic
efficiency of non-noble catalysts toward green hydrogen production
from seawater electrolysis