Evolution of green shipping research: themes and methods

Over the past 30 years, there have been growing concerns on theenvironmental impacts of maritime transportation, which have attractedgreat attention from both academia and practitioners. Understandingdevelopments in this area can help guide future research. We conducteda comprehensive review of green shipping research, comprising 213papers published in transportation journals in SSCI of 2017 over theperiod 1988–2017. We find that research on green shipping hasincreased greatly since 2012, accounting for 77.5% of the reviewedpapers. The main focus today on green shipping was on air pollution,and the classification of green shipping practice, such as technical measures,operational options, market-based measures, and recycling andreusing, is becoming clear. According to the existing studies, futureresearch on green shipping must strengthen technology research tonot only solve practical problems, but also to establish a theoreticalgreen shipping system. Moreover, researchers from different countriescould cooperate with each other to give effective suggestions on settingstandards and laws of green shipping. Finally, we identify the futureresearch themes will focus on setting up green shipping system andlegislation and policy

Sharp estimates, uniqueness and nondegeneracy of positive solutions of the Lane-Emden system in planar domains

We study the Lane-Emden system $$\begin{cases} -\Delta u=v^p,\quad u>0,\quad\text{in}~\Omega, -\Delta v=u^q,\quad v>0,\quad\text{in}~\Omega, u=v=0,\quad\text{on}~\partial\Omega, \end{cases}$$ where $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^2$ is a smooth bounded domain. In a recent work, we studied the concentration phenomena of positive solutions as $p,q\to+\infty$ and $|q-p|\leq \Lambda$. In this paper, we obtain sharp estimates of such multi-bubble solutions, including sharp convergence rates of local maxima and scaling parameters, and accurate approximations of solutions. As an application of these sharp estimates, we show that when $\Omega$ is convex, then the solution of this system is unique and nondegenerate for large $p, q$.Comment: 63 pages. This is a revised version of arXiv:2205.15055v1. We fix a gap in the previous version and add some details of the proo

THREE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF HUMAN FOOT DURING HEEL RISE: ROLE OF THE GASTROCNEMIUS-SOLEUS (G-S) MUSCLE

Geometric positioning of the foot and transfer of plantar loads can be adversely affected when muscular control in gastrocnemius-soleus (G-S) complex is abnormal. This study aims to develop a 3-D musculoskeletal finite element (FE) model of the foot to quantify the precise role of the G-S complex in biomechanical behavior of the foot. Movements of the ankle and metatarsophlageal joints, as well as forefoot plantar pressure peaks and pressure distribution under the metatarsal heads (MTHs) were all found to be extremely sensitive to reduction in the muscle load in the G-S complex. The findings may provide clinicians with knowledge to understand the underlying mechanism for relieving pain, injury or other structural deformities under metatarsal areas in patients who suffer from GS muscle contracture

Two RNA binding proteins, HEN4 and HUA1 act in the processing of AGAMOUS pre-mRNA in Arabidopsis thaliana

AGAMOUS, a key player in floral morphogenesis, specifies reproductive organ identities and regulates the timely termination of stem cell fates in the floral meristem. Here, we report that strains carrying mutations in three genes, HUA1, HUA2, and HUA ENHANCER4 (HEN4), exhibit floral defects similar to those in agamous mutants: reproductive-to-perianth organ transformation and loss of floral determinacy. HEN4 codes for a K homology (KH) domain-containing, putative RNA binding protein that interacts with HUA1, a CCCH zinc finger RNA binding protein in the nucleus. We show that HUA1 binds AGAMOUS pre-mRNA in vitro and that HEN4, HUA1, and HUA2 act in floral morphogenesis by specifically promoting the processing of AGAMOUS pre-mRNA. Our studies under-score the importance of RNA processing in modulating plant development