Identification of Plk4 interacting partners and establishment of Plk4 stable cell lines.

<p>Each error bar is one standard error. CK, control; NN, ambient CO₂ with N fertilizer; CC, elevated CO₂ without N fertilizer; CN, elevated CO₂ with N fertilizer. (a-c) <i>A</i>. <i>acuminatissima</i>; (d-f) <i>S</i>. <i>hancei</i>; (g-i) <i>C</i>. <i>hystrix</i>; (j-l) <i>O</i>. <i>pinnata</i>; (m-o) <i>S</i>. <i>superba</i>.</p

Different Upconversion Properties of β‑NaYF₄:Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺/Er³⁺ in Affecting the Near-Infrared-Driven Photocatalytic Activity of High-Reactive TiO₂

Double-shell-structured β-NaYF₄:Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺/Er³⁺@SiO₂@TiO₂ upconversion photocatalysts have been successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. It is found that the double-shell-structured photocatalyst consists of uniform β-NaYF₄:Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺/Er³⁺ nanocrystals, SiO₂ as the media shell, and anatase TiO₂ nanocrystals exposed with the high-reactive {001} facets as the outer shell. The TiO₂ shell is modified to absorb both the UV and visible light in order to make sufficient use of the upconverted light from β-NaYF₄:Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺/Er³⁺ for photocatalysis. Effective energy transfer from β-NaYF₄:Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺/Er³⁺ to TiO₂ and its importance are confirmed. The photocatalytic activity in the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under the near-infrared (NIR) (980 nm laser) irradiation suggests that the NIR-driven photocatalytic activity of the double-shell-structured photocatalyst is significantly dependent on the properties of the upconversion materials and the irradiated NIR power density. Moreover, the NIR-driven photocatalyst shows stable photocatalytic degradation of RhB in the recycled tests. This study suggests a promising system and a new insight to understand the application of appropriate upconversion materials to effectively utilize the NIR for photocatalytic applications of TiO₂-based photocatalysts, which may advance the application of solar energy in the future

Mixed Solvents Assisted Flame Spray Pyrolysis Synthesis of TiO₂ Hierarchically Porous Hollow Spheres for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

A novel one-step and template-free preparation process had been developed to synthesize TiO₂ hierarchically porous hollow spheres (HPHSs) by mixed solvents assisted flame spray pyrolysis (FSP). The as-obtained TiO₂ HPHSs had hierarchically porous hollow structure such as central cavities, macropores on shells, and mesopores accumulated by TiO₂ nanocrystallites. The unique hierarchically porous structure endowed the TiO₂ spheres with high specific surface area and excellent light scattering property. A mechanism of the formation of TiO₂ HPHSs depending on the competition between chemical reaction rate and diffusion rate of the components of the precursor was proposed, in which mixed solvents and short flame residence time were of importance. Furthermore, the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) performance of TiO₂ HPHSs as light scattering layer was investigated. The photoelectric conversion efficiency (η) was improved by 38.2% (from 5.00% to 6.91%), comparing to that of single layer P25 films

Results (<i>P</i>-value) from repeated measures ANOVA on the effects of different species (S), carbon dioxide (C) and nitrogen (N) treatments and their interactions on the concentrations of mineral elements of five subtropical tree species.

<p>Y is the sampling year. Significant <i>P</i> values are highlighted in bold.</p><p>Results (<i>P</i>-value) from repeated measures ANOVA on the effects of different species (S), carbon dioxide (C) and nitrogen (N) treatments and their interactions on the concentrations of mineral elements of five subtropical tree species.</p

Mineral Elements of Subtropical Tree Seedlings in Response to Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Addition

<div><p>Mineral elements in plants have been strongly affected by increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations and nitrogen (N) deposition due to human activities. However, such understanding is largely limited to N and phosphorus in grassland. Using open-top chambers, we examined the concentrations of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) in the leaves and roots of the seedlings of five subtropical tree species in response to elevated CO₂ (ca. 700 μmol CO₂ mol^-1) and N addition (100 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1) from 2005 to 2009. These mineral elements in the roots responded more strongly to elevated CO₂ and N addition than those in the leaves. Elevated CO₂ did not consistently decrease the concentrations of plant mineral elements, with increases in K, Al, Cu and Mn in some tree species. N addition decreased K and had no influence on Cu in the five tree species. Given the shifts in plant mineral elements, <i>Schima superba</i> and <i>Castanopsis hystrix</i> were less responsive to elevated CO₂ and N addition alone, respectively. Our results indicate that plant stoichiometry would be altered by increasing CO₂ and N deposition, and K would likely become a limiting nutrient under increasing N deposition in subtropics.</p></div

The total concentrations of mineral elements in the initial soil.

<p>Mean ± one standard error. Data of the base cations (K, Ca and Mg) were cited from Liu et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0120190#pone.0120190.ref032" target="_blank">32</a>].</p><p>The total concentrations of mineral elements in the initial soil.</p

Driving anger and its relationships with type A behavior patterns and trait anger: Differences between professional and non-professional drivers

<div><p>The present study examined the types of situations that caused Chinese professional and non-professional drivers to become angry and investigated the differences in driving-elicited anger, considering the influences of type A behavior pattern and trait anger between the two groups. The 20-item revised Driving Anger Scale (DAS) was used to assess a sample of 232 drivers (57% professional, 43% non-professional). The non-professional drivers reported significantly higher levels of anger than the professional drivers on the overall Driving Anger Scale (DAS) and the traffic obstructions and discourtesy subscales. In both groups, the preferred driving speeds were positively related to driving anger. Furthermore, drivers with a type A personality exhibited higher overall driving anger scores and higher anger scores in response to traffic obstructions and slow driving than drivers with a type B personality. Trait anger was significantly related to driving anger in both groups. In the non-professional group, type A behavior patterns (TABPs) and time hurry (TH) were positively correlated with anger evoked by slow driving. In the professional group, TABPs, TH and competitive hostility (CH) were positively related to driving anger, and the TABPs exerted an indirect effect on driving anger by mediating the influence of trait anger. Overall, these findings provide a theoretical basis for implementing targeted interventions for driving anger in both professional and non-professional drivers.</p></div

The correlation coefficients of driving anger and personality traits.

<p>The correlation coefficients of driving anger and personality traits.</p

The results of the multiple comparison tests.

<p>The results of the multiple comparison tests.</p

Differences in the DAS scores between the professional and non-professional driver groups.

<p>Differences in the DAS scores between the professional and non-professional driver groups.</p