Synchronization between Different Networks with Time-Varying Delay and Its Application in Bilayer Coupled Public Traffic Network

In order to study the dynamic characteristics of urban public traffic network, this paper establishes the conventional bus traffic network and the urban rail traffic network based on the space R modeling method. Then regarding these two networks as the subnetwork, the paper presents a new bilayer coupled public traffic network through the transfer relationship between subway and bus, and this model well reflects the connection between the passengers and bus operating vehicles. Based on the synchronization theory of coupling network with time-varying delay and taking “Lorenz system” as the network node, the paper studies the synchronization of bilayer coupled public traffic network. Finally, numerical results are given to show the impact of public traffic dispatching, delayed departure, the number of public bus stops between bus lines, and the number of transfer stations between two traffic modes on the bilayer coupled public traffic network balance through Matlab simulation

Nonlinear Dynamics of a PI Hydroturbine Governing System with Double Delays

A PI hydroturbine governing system with saturation and double delays is generated in small perturbation. The nonlinear dynamic behavior of the system is investigated. More precisely, at first, we analyze the stability and Hopf bifurcation of the PI hydroturbine governing system with double delays under the four different cases. Corresponding stability theorem and Hopf bifurcation theorem of the system are obtained at equilibrium points. And then the stability of periodic solution and the direction of the Hopf bifurcation are illustrated by using the normal form method and center manifold theorem. We find out that the stability and direction of the Hopf bifurcation are determined by three parameters. The results have great realistic significance to guarantee the power system frequency stability and improve the stability of the hydropower system. At last, some numerical examples are given to verify the correctness of the theoretical results

Control of Hopf Bifurcation in Autonomous System Based on Washout Filter

In order to further understand a Lorenz-like system, we study the stability of the equilibrium points and the existence of Hopf bifurcation by center manifold theorem and normal form theory. More precisely, we designed a washout controller such that the equilibrium E0 undergoes a controllable Hopf bifurcation, and by adjusting the controller parameters, we delayed Hopf bifurcation phenomenon of the equilibrium E+. Besides, numerical simulation is given to illustrate the theoretical analysis. Finally, two possible electronic circuits are given to realize the uncontrolled and the controlled systems

Composition and Functions of Highland Barley Bran with Different Milling Rates

For a better understanding of the difference in functional components and functions among different parts of highland barley bran, the contents of protein, β-glucan and polyphenol, antioxidant activity, and alkyl radical intensity in highland barley bran with various milling rates were compared. The results showed that the contents of total protein, albumin, globulin, glutenin, free polyphenol, bound polyphenol, free flavone, bound flavone and condensed tannin first increased and then decreased with increasing milling rate. Protein mainly existed in bran flour with a milling rate of 17.74% and 19.22%. Bran flour with 9.7% milling rate had the highest phenol content, and the trend in antioxidant activity was consistent with that in the content of phenols. The contents of β-glucan and gliadin increased from outside to inside, and reached the highest value at a milling rate of 25.99%. Alkyl radical intensity was significantly higher at 1.54%–5.84% milling rates than at 7.67%–25.99% milling rates, indicating a higher susceptibility to oxidation. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the deep processing of different layers of highland barley bran

Bone Marrow Myeloid Cells Regulate Myeloid-Biased Hematopoietic Stem Cells via a Histamine-Dependent Feedback Loop

Myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells (MB-HSCs) play critical roles in recovery from injury, but little is known about how they are regulated within the bone marrow niche. Here we describe an auto-/paracrine physiologic circuit that controls quiescence of MB-HSCs and hematopoietic progenitors marked by histidine decarboxylase (Hdc). Committed Hdc+ myeloid cells lie in close anatomical proximity to MB-HSCs and produce histamine, which activates the H2 receptor on MB-HSCs to promote their quiescence and self-renewal. Depleting histamine-producing cells enforces cell cycle entry, induces loss of serial transplant capacity, and sensitizes animals to chemotherapeutic injury. Increasing demand for myeloid cells via lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment specifically recruits MB-HSCs and progenitors into the cell cycle; cycling MB-HSCs fail to revert into quiescence in the absence of histamine feedback, leading to their depletion, while an H2 agonist protects MB-HSCs from depletion after sepsis. Thus, histamine couples lineage-specific physiological demands to intrinsically primed MB-HSCs to enforce homeostasis. Chen et al. show that histidine decarboxylase (Hdc) marks quiescent myeloid-biased HSCs (MB-HSCs). Daughter myeloid cells form a spatial cluster with Hdc+ MB-HSCs and secrete histamine to enforce their quiescence and protect them from depletion, following activation by a variety of physiologic insults

Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO

As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO

Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO

JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

Low-Frequency Variability and the Unusual Indian Ocean Dipole Events in 2015 and 2016

An unusual positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) event occurred in 2015 associated with the 2015/2016 extreme El Nino. Unlike the canonical IOD, sea surface temperature (SST) warming in the west central tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) dominated the strong zonal SST gradient as cooling off Sumatra-Java was weak. Over the southeastern TIO, deeper thermocline has suppressed the upwelling cooling since 2012. Such deepened thermocline related to a low-frequency adjustment and curtailed cool anomalies in the 2015 positive IOD but favored warm anomalies in the 2016 negative IOD. Based on statistical analyses, ocean assimilation data confirm that an IOD-like pattern exists in the TIO on decadal timescale. During a negative decadal IOD-like phase, thermocline is deeper in the southeastern TIO; the thermocline-SST feedback is unfavorable for positive IOD occurrence and intensity, but conducive to negative IOD events. Thus, we propose that the 2015-2016 IOD events are modulated by the low-frequency variability of thermocline

A DPSIR-TODIM Model Security Evaluation of China’s Rare Earth Resources

Rare earth is an important strategic mineral resource for national economy and national security. As the largest producer and exporter of rare earth, China’s rare earth industry has problems associated with excessive production, mismatched pricing power and environmental pollution. Therefore, an in-depth study of the rare earth industry security is necessary. Based on proposed definition for mineral resource security, this paper established a rare earth resource security evaluation model based on the “driver-pressure-state-impact-response” conceptual model using an extended TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese for interactive and multi-criteria decision-making) method combined with the E-DEMATEL (entropy and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory) method. The model was then applied to Chinese rare earth data from 2006–2015 to assess the security, from which it was found that while the security level was not high, the overall trend was improving. Moreover, some critical response factors affecting REEs (rare earth elements) security are identified, including tariffs, research investment, etc. This paper not only introduces a new evaluation of REEs security but also explores the crucial indicators and the response mechanism