First Efficacy Results of Capecitabine with Anthracycline- and Taxane-Based Adjuvant Therapy in High-Risk Early Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Capecitabine is effective and indicated for the salvage treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the efficacy of capecitabine in the adjuvant setting. There have been two large randomized studies to determine whether patients with high-risk early breast cancer benefit from the addition of capecitabine to standard chemotherapy, but they have yielded inconsistent results. We first undertook a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the addition of capecitabine over standard treatment

Conception et développement d'un système d'inspection par ondes guidées pour la détection des défauts dans les tubes

Le système d'inspection conçu permet d'acquérir des signaux de mesure sur une canalisation et de fournir des indications sur la localisation des défauts avec des idées sur leurs natures. Le générateur des ondes guidées permet l'émission des ondes de torsion et la réception des échos réfléchis. Certains outils de traitement du signal pour le filtrage et l'analyse des signaux enregistrés sont utilisés dans le but d'éliminer les bruits de fonds et les parasites pour extraire les informations les plus pertinentes

Site-specific relapse pattern of the triple negative tumors in Chinese breast cancer patients

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that triple negative phenotype is characterized by aggressive clinical history in Western breast cancer patients, however its pattern of metastatic spread had never been reported in the Chinese population. Considering racial disparities, we sought to analyze the spread pattern for different sites of first recurrence in Chinese triple negative breast cancers. METHODS: A retrospective study of 1662 patients was carried out from a large database of breast cancer patients undergoing surgery between January 1, 2000 and March 31, 2004 at the Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method and annual relapse hazards were estimated by the hazard function. RESULTS: We found a statistically significant difference in relapse-free survival (RFS) for locoregional and visceral recurrence (P = 0.007 and P = 0.025, respectively) among the triple negative, ERBB2+ and HR+/ERBB2- subgroups in univariate analysis. In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, RFS for either locoregional or visceral relapse in the triple negative category was inferior to that in HR+/ERBB2- patients (P = 0.027 and P = 0.005, respectively), but comparable to that in ERBB2+ women (both P >0.05). Furthermore, the early relapse peak appeared later in the triple negative group than that in the ERBB2+ counterpart for both locoregional and visceral relapse. On the other hand, when compared with triple negative breast cancers, a significantly lower risk of developing bone relapse was discerned for ERBB2+ women (P = 0.048; HR = 0.384, 95% CI 0.148-0.991), with the borderline significance for HR+/ERBB2- breast cancers (P = 0.058; HR = 0.479, 95% CI 0.224-1.025). In terms of bone metastasis, the hazard rate remained higher for the triple negative category than that for the ERBB2+ subtype. CONCLUSION: Based on the site-specific spread pattern in different subgroups, the triple negative category of breast cancers in the Chinese population exhibits a different pattern of relapse, which indicates that different organotropism may be due to the different intrinsic subtypes. A better knowledge of the triple negative category is warranted for efficacious systemic regimens to decrease and/or delay the relapse hazard

Circulating plasma and exosome levels of the miR-320 family as a non-invasive biomarker for methamphetamine use disorder

The neurobiological mechanism underlying methamphetamine (MA) use disorder was still unclear, and no specific biomarker exists for clinical diagnosis of this disorder. Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the pathological process of MA addiction. The purpose of this study was to identify novel miRNAs for the diagnosis biomarkers of MA user disorder. First, members of the miR-320 family, including miR-320a-3p, miR-320b, and miR-320c, were screened and analyzed in the circulating plasma and exosomes by microarray and sequencing. Secondly, plasma miR-320 was quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in eighty-two MA patients and fifty age-gender-matched healthy controls. Meanwhile, we also analyzed exosomal miR-320 expression in thirty-nine MA patients and twenty-one age-matched healthy controls. Furthermore, the diagnostic power was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The expression of miR-320 significantly increased in plasma and exosomes of MA patients compared with healthy controls. The AUC of the ROC curves of miR-320 in plasma and exosomes of MA patients were 0.751 and 0.962, respectively. And the sensitivities of miR-320 were 0.900 and 0.846, respectively, whereas the specificities of miR-320 were 0.537 and 0.952, respectively, in plasma and exosomes in MA patients. And the increased plasma miR-320 was positively correlated with cigarette smoking, age of onset, and daily use of MA in MA patients. Finally, cardiovascular disease, synaptic plasticity, and neuroinflammation were predicted to be the target pathways related to miR-320. Taken together, our findings indicated that plasma and exosomal miR-320 might be used as a potential blood-based biomarker for diagnosing MA use disorder

Unraveling Controversies Over Civic Honesty Measurement: An Extended Field Replication in China

Cohn et al. (2019) conducted a wallet drop experiment in 40 countries to measure civic honesty around the globe, which has received worldwide attention but also sparked controversies over using the email response rate as the sole metric of civic honesty. Relying on the lone measurement may overlook cultural differences in behaviors that demonstrate civic honesty. To investigate this issue, we conducted an extended replication study in China, utilizing email response and wallet recovery to assess civic honesty. We found a significantly higher level of civic honesty in China, as measured by the wallet recovery rate, than reported in the original study, while email response rates remained similar. To resolve the divergent results, we introduce a cultural dimension, individualism versus collectivism, to study civic honesty across diverse cultures. We hypothesize that cultural differences in individualism and collectivism could influence how individuals prioritize actions when handling a lost wallet, such as contacting the wallet owner or safeguarding the wallet. In reanalyzing Cohn et al.\u27s data, we found that email response rates were inversely related to collectivism indices at the country level. However, our replication study in China demonstrated that the likelihood of wallet recovery was positively correlated with collectivism indicators at the provincial level. Consequently, relying solely on email response rates to gauge civic honesty in cross-country comparisons may neglect the vital individualism versus collectivism dimension. Our study not only helps reconcile the controversy surrounding Cohn et al.\u27s influential field experiment but also furnishes a fresh cultural perspective to evaluate civic honesty

Buyang Huanwu Decoction Attenuates Infiltration of Natural Killer Cells and Protects Against Ischemic Brain Injury

Background/Aims: Natural killer (NK) cells are among the first immune cells that respond to an ischemic insult in human brains. The infiltrated NK cells damage blood-brain barrier (BBB) and exacerbate brain infarction. Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD), a classic Chinese traditional herbal prescription, has long been used for the treatment of ischemic stroke. The present study investigated whether BHD can prevent brain infiltration of NK cells, attenuate BBB disruption and improve ischemic outcomes. Methods: Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced in rats by a 60-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion, and BHD was orally administrated at the onset of reperfusion, 12 hours later, then twice daily. Assessed parameters on Day 3 after ischemia were: neurological and motor functional deficits through neurological deficit score and rotarod test, respectively; brain infarction through TTC staining; BBB integrity through Evans blue extravasation; matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 activities through gelatin zymography; tight junction protein, nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) p65 and phospho-p65 levels through Western blotting; NK cell brain infiltration and CXCR3 levels on NK cells through flow cytometry; interferon-γ production through ELISA; CXCL10 mRNA levels through real-time PCR; CXCL10 expression and p65 nuclear translocation through immunofluorescence staining. Results: BHD markedly reduced brain infarction, improved rotarod performance, and attenuated BBB breakdown. Concurrently, BHD attenuated the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 activities and the degradation of tight junction proteins in the ischemic brain. Infiltration of NK cells was observed in the ischemic hemisphere, and this infiltration was blunted by treatment with BHD. BHD suppressed brain ischemia-induced interferon-γ and chemokine CXCL10 production. Furthermore, BHD significantly reduced the expression of CXCR3 on brain-infiltrated NK cells. Strikingly, BHD did not affect NK cell levels or its CXCR3 expression in the spleen or peripheral blood after brain ischemia. The nuclear translocation of NF-kB p65 and phospho-p65 in the ischemic brain was inhibited by BHD. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that BHD prevents brain infiltration of NK cells, preserves BBB integrity and eventually improves ischemic outcomes. The inhibitory effects of BHD on NK cell brain invasion may involve its ability of suppressing NF-kB-associated CXCL10-CXCR3-mediated chemotaxis. Notably, BHD only suppresses NK cells and their CXCR3 expression in the ischemic brain, but not those in periphery

Global Infectious Diseases in July 2023: Monthly Analysis

Many infectious diseases are ubiquitous and pose persistent adverse effects on public health. Infectious diseases have also been leading causes of high mortality in different periods of history. Real-time monitoring and analysis of global infectious disease transmission can provide a comprehensive understanding of critical information regarding the transmission routes, scope, velocity, and effects of viruses or bacteria. Here, using Shusi Tech’s Global Epidemic Information Monitoring System, we analyzed the prevalence of infectious diseases worldwide. We describe types of infectious diseases with relatively low incidence from 24 June 2023 to 23 July 2023 as comprehensibly as possible

GWAS Identifies Novel Susceptibility Loci on 6p21.32 and 21q21.3 for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Carriers

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have recently identified KIF1B as susceptibility locus for hepatitis B virus (HBV)–related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To further identify novel susceptibility loci associated with HBV–related HCC and replicate the previously reported association, we performed a large three-stage GWAS in the Han Chinese population. 523,663 autosomal SNPs in 1,538 HBV–positive HCC patients and 1,465 chronic HBV carriers were genotyped for the discovery stage. Top candidate SNPs were genotyped in the initial validation samples of 2,112 HBV–positive HCC cases and 2,208 HBV carriers and then in the second validation samples of 1,021 cases and 1,491 HBV carriers. We discovered two novel associations at rs9272105 (HLA-DQA1/DRB1) on 6p21.32 (OR = 1.30, P = 1.13×$10^{−19}$) and rs455804 (GRIK1) on 21q21.3 (OR = 0.84, P = 1.86×$10^{−8}$), which were further replicated in the fourth independent sample of 1,298 cases and 1,026 controls (rs9272105: OR = 1.25, P = 1.71×$10^{−4}$; rs455804: OR = 0.84, P = 6.92×$10^{−3}$). We also revealed the associations of HLA-DRB1*0405 and 0901*0602, which could partially account for the association at rs9272105. The association at rs455804 implicates GRIK1 as a novel susceptibility gene for HBV–related HCC, suggesting the involvement of glutamate signaling in the development of HBV–related HCC