433 research outputs found
Logical gaps in the approximate solutions of the social learning game and an exact solution
After the social learning models were proposed, finding the solutions of the
games becomes a well-defined mathematical question. However, almost all papers
on the games and their applications are based on solutions built upon either an
add-hoc argument or a twisted Bayesian analysis of the games. Here, we present
logical gaps in those solutions and an exact solution of our own. We also
introduced a minor extension to the original game such that not only logical
difference but also difference in action outcomes among those solutions become
visible.Comment: A major revisio
DFF-ResNet : An Insect Pest Recognition Model Based on Residual Networks
Insect pest control is considered as a significant factor in the yield of commercial crops. Thus, to avoid economic losses, we need a valid method for insect pest recognition. In this paper, we proposed a feature fusion residual block to perform the insect pest recognition task. Based on the original residual block, we fused the feature from a previous layer between two 1×1 convolution layers in a residual signal branch to improve the capacity of the block. Furthermore, we explored the contribution of each residual group to the model performance. We found that adding the residual blocks of earlier residual groups promotes the model performance significantly, which improves the capacity of generalization of the model. By stacking the feature fusion residual block, we constructed the Deep Feature Fusion Residual Network (DFF-ResNet). To prove the validity and adaptivity of our approach, we constructed it with two common residual networks (Pre-ResNet and Wide Residual Network (WRN)) and validated these models on the Canadian Institute For Advanced Research (CIFAR) and Street View House Number (SVHN) benchmark datasets. The experimental results indicate that our models have a lower test error than those of baseline models. Then, we applied our models to recognize insect pests and obtained validity on the IP102 benchmark dataset. The experimental results show that our models outperform the original ResNet and other state-of-the-art methods
EQG-RACE: Examination-Type Question Generation
Question Generation (QG) is an essential component of the automatic
intelligent tutoring systems, which aims to generate high-quality questions for
facilitating the reading practice and assessments. However, existing QG
technologies encounter several key issues concerning the biased and unnatural
language sources of datasets which are mainly obtained from the Web (e.g.
SQuAD). In this paper, we propose an innovative Examination-type Question
Generation approach (EQG-RACE) to generate exam-like questions based on a
dataset extracted from RACE. Two main strategies are employed in EQG-RACE for
dealing with discrete answer information and reasoning among long contexts. A
Rough Answer and Key Sentence Tagging scheme is utilized to enhance the
representations of input. An Answer-guided Graph Convolutional Network (AG-GCN)
is designed to capture structure information in revealing the inter-sentences
and intra-sentence relations. Experimental results show a state-of-the-art
performance of EQG-RACE, which is apparently superior to the baselines. In
addition, our work has established a new QG prototype with a reshaped dataset
and QG method, which provides an important benchmark for related research in
future work. We will make our data and code publicly available for further
research.Comment: Accepted by AAAI-202
Global-Local Stepwise Generative Network for Ultra High-Resolution Image Restoration
While the research on image background restoration from regular size of
degraded images has achieved remarkable progress, restoring ultra
high-resolution (e.g., 4K) images remains an extremely challenging task due to
the explosion of computational complexity and memory usage, as well as the
deficiency of annotated data. In this paper we present a novel model for ultra
high-resolution image restoration, referred to as the Global-Local Stepwise
Generative Network (GLSGN), which employs a stepwise restoring strategy
involving four restoring pathways: three local pathways and one global pathway.
The local pathways focus on conducting image restoration in a fine-grained
manner over local but high-resolution image patches, while the global pathway
performs image restoration coarsely on the scale-down but intact image to
provide cues for the local pathways in a global view including semantics and
noise patterns. To smooth the mutual collaboration between these four pathways,
our GLSGN is designed to ensure the inter-pathway consistency in four aspects
in terms of low-level content, perceptual attention, restoring intensity and
high-level semantics, respectively. As another major contribution of this work,
we also introduce the first ultra high-resolution dataset to date for both
reflection removal and rain streak removal, comprising 4,670 real-world and
synthetic images. Extensive experiments across three typical tasks for image
background restoration, including image reflection removal, image rain streak
removal and image dehazing, show that our GLSGN consistently outperforms
state-of-the-art methods.Comment: submmitted to Transactions on Image Processin
Mineralogical and geochemical study of carp otoliths from Baiyangdian Lake and Miyun Water Reservoir in China
Carp otoliths from two different freshwaters (Baiyangdian Lake and Miyun Water Reservoir) were mineralogically and chemically analyzed. The water quality standard of Miyun Water Reservoir is Grade 2 which is much better than the Grade 5 of Baiyangdian Lake. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in otoliths in mineralogy and chemistry from the two sites with quite different qualities. All the analyzed carps showed lapillus and sagitta otoliths made of aragonite, except for B-22 (from Baiyangdian Lake) whose lapillus consisted of vaterite and sagitta consisted of aragonite and vaterite; all asteriscus are composed of vaterite. It is inferred that the occurrence of vaterictic otoliths is linked to poor water quality. Chemical analysis showed that significant difference of Pb concentration between sites was tested by t-test of the compare means (t-test comparison: t = 2.043, P<0.05). While the sitespecific differences of the other metals were not significant. In addition, a significant difference of Sn concentration was tested as well (t-test comparison: t = 2.652, P<0.05). Average content of lapilli Pb is consistent with the water dissolved Pb measurement, with higher dissolved Pb concentration in Baiyangdian Lake relative to the Miyun Water Reservoir.Key words: Carp otoliths, water quality, mineralogy, chemistry, Pb
Feature Decoupling-Recycling Network for Fast Interactive Segmentation
Recent interactive segmentation methods iteratively take source image, user
guidance and previously predicted mask as the input without considering the
invariant nature of the source image. As a result, extracting features from the
source image is repeated in each interaction, resulting in substantial
computational redundancy. In this work, we propose the Feature
Decoupling-Recycling Network (FDRN), which decouples the modeling components
based on their intrinsic discrepancies and then recycles components for each
user interaction. Thus, the efficiency of the whole interactive process can be
significantly improved. To be specific, we apply the Decoupling-Recycling
strategy from three perspectives to address three types of discrepancies,
respectively. First, our model decouples the learning of source image semantics
from the encoding of user guidance to process two types of input domains
separately. Second, FDRN decouples high-level and low-level features from
stratified semantic representations to enhance feature learning. Third, during
the encoding of user guidance, current user guidance is decoupled from
historical guidance to highlight the effect of current user guidance. We
conduct extensive experiments on 6 datasets from different domains and
modalities, which demonstrate the following merits of our model: 1) superior
efficiency than other methods, particularly advantageous in challenging
scenarios requiring long-term interactions (up to 4.25x faster), while
achieving favorable segmentation performance; 2) strong applicability to
various methods serving as a universal enhancement technique; 3) well
cross-task generalizability, e.g., to medical image segmentation, and
robustness against misleading user guidance.Comment: Accepted to ACM MM 202
Hydrogen sulfide is involved in the chilling stress response in Vitis vinifera L.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important signaling molecule involved in several stress-resistance processes in plants, such as drought and heavy metal stresses. However, little is known about the roles of H2S in responses to chilling stress. In this paper, we demonstrated that chilling stress enhance the H2S levels, the H2S synthetase (L-/D-cysteine desulfhydrase, L/DCD) activities, and the expression of L/DCD gene in Vitis vinifera L. ‘F-242’. Furthermore, the seedlings were treated with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H2S donor) and hypotaurine (HT, a H2S scavenger) at 4°C to examine the effects of exogenous H2S on grape. The results revealed that the high activity of superoxide dismutase and enhanced expression of VvICE1 and VvCBF3 genes, but low level of super oxide anion radical, malondialdehyde content and cell membrane permeability were detected after addition of NaHS. In contrast, HT treatment displayed contrary effect under the chilling temperature. Taken together, these data suggested that H2S might be directly involved in the cold signal transduction pathway of grape
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