Emergência e vigor de plântulas de genótipos de feijão-caupi sob estresse salino Emergence and seedling vigor of cowpea genotypes under salt stress

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito da salinidade da água de irrigação no feijão-caupi e identificar genótipos tolerantes ao estresse salino nos estádios iniciais do seu desenvolvimento. Os níveis de condutividade elétrica da água foram: 0; 2,5; 5,0 e 7,5 dS m-1. A tolerância do feijão-caupi foi avaliada através da redução relativa de matéria seca da parte aérea de cada genótipo. Os resultados foram comparados e analisados pelo teste de Scott-Knott, a 0,05 de probabilidade. Todas as variáveis foram afetadas pelo aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação. O genótipo CE-182 mostrou-se mais tolerante nos níveis 2,5, 5,0 e 7,5 dS m-1 na água salinizada com solução de NaCl. No caso da solução salinizada pela mistura dos sais, os genótipos CE-9 e CE-551 foram mais tolerantes.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity of irrigation water on cowpea and identify genotypes tolerant to salt stress in the eaR Ly stages of its development. The levels of electrical conductivity (EC) of irrigation water were 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 dS m-1. The tolerance of cowpea was evaluated by the relative reduction in shoot dry matter of each genotype. The results were compared and analyzed by Scott-Knott test at 0.05 level of probability. All variables were affected by increasing salinity of irrigation water. The genotype CE-182 was more tolerant at EC of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 dS m-1 of water salinized with NaCl. In the solution containing mixture of salts, the genotypes CE-9 and CE-551 were the most tolerant

Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella spp.: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

Healthcare-related infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella spp. are of major concern. To control transmission, deep understanding of the transmission mechanisms is needed. This systematic review aimed to identify risk factors and sources, clonal relatedness using molecular techniques, and the most effective control strategies for ESBL-producing Klebsiella spp. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Outbreak Database was performed. We identified 2771 articles from November 25th, 1960 until April 7th, 2014 of which 148 were included in the systematic review and 23 in a random-effects meta-analysis study. The random-effects meta-analyses showed that underlying disease or condition (odds ratio [OR] = 6.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.85 to 13.66) generated the highest pooled estimate. ESBL-producing Klebsiella spp. were spread through person-to-person contact and via sources in the environment; we identified both monoclonal and polyclonal presence. Multi-faceted interventions are needed to prevent transmission of ESBL-producing Klebsiella spp