Avaliação dos efeitos do álcool e cafeína na carcinogênese pancreática induzida por 7, 12 dimetilbenzentraceno (DMBA) : modelo experimental em camundongos

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Towards a Programmable Agent-based Distributed Architecture for Enterprise Application and Service Management

Abstract—The popularization of the electronic commerce and the growing use of this business modality by companies as well as the growth in the number of applications, protocols and services that come to be executed in computer networks generate difficulties for management tools. Most of these tools are able to monitor a previously established set of protocols; monitoring of new protocols becomes possible with the update of firmware or through development kits that are hard to be assimilated by network managers. Additionally, these tools usually have little or no ability to act automatically when facing unexpected behaviors from these protocols. This paper presents an architecture for distributed management of enterprise networked applications, high-layer protocols and network services based on programmable agents. By means of a high-level graphical and textual language, the network manager is able to specify protocol traces in order to do FCAPS (Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance and Security) management. The observation of these traces in the network traffic leads to actions, which are also determined by the network manager. This paper describes the language used to specify traces, the architecture and some examples of application that validate the proposal. Keywords—High-layer protocol management, Service management, Programmable agents

Avaliação dos efeitos do álcool e cafeína na carcinogênese pancreática induzida por 7, 12 dimetilbenzentraceno (DMBA) : modelo experimental em camundongos

18

Pleiotropic Effects of GIP on Islet Function Involves Osteopontin

OBJECTIVE: The incretin hormone GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) promotes pancreatic β-cell function by potentiating insulin secretion and β-cell proliferation. Recently, a combined analysis of several genome-wide association studies (Meta-analysis of Glucose and Insulin-Related Traits Consortium [MAGIC]) showed association to postprandial insulin at the GIP receptor (GIPR) locus. Here we explored mechanisms that could explain the protective effects of GIP on islet function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Associations of GIPR rs10423928 with metabolic and anthropometric phenotypes in both nondiabetic (N = 53,730) and type 2 diabetic individuals (N = 2,731) were explored by combining data from 11 studies. Insulin secretion was measured both in vivo in nondiabetic subjects and in vitro in islets from cadaver donors. Insulin secretion was also measured in response to exogenous GIP. The in vitro measurements included protein and gene expression as well as measurements of β-cell viability and proliferation. RESULTS: The A allele of GIPR rs10423928 was associated with impaired glucose- and GIP-stimulated insulin secretion and a decrease in BMI, lean body mass, and waist circumference. The decrease in BMI almost completely neutralized the effect of impaired insulin secretion on risk of type 2 diabetes. Expression of GIPR mRNA was decreased in human islets from carriers of the A allele or patients with type 2 diabetes. GIP stimulated osteopontin (OPN) mRNA and protein expression. OPN expression was lower in carriers of the A allele. Both GIP and OPN prevented cytokine-induced reduction in cell viability (apoptosis). In addition, OPN stimulated cell proliferation in insulin-secreting cells. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support β-cell proliferative and antiapoptotic roles for GIP in addition to its action as an incretin hormone. Identification of a link between GIP and OPN may shed new light on the role of GIP in preservation of functional β-cell mass in humans