Kings and Princes: Christmas in Gettysburg, 1862

In a house along the first block of the north side of Chambersburg Street, a small metallic ticking noise signaled change. The calendar read December 24th, 1862. The rhythmic tapping was a voice, reaching out in code along thin strips of metal dangling from poles running to the east out of town. Soon, Hanover, York, Harrisburg, and Baltimore, were sending their glad tidings to Gettysburg\u27s citizens. Then soon, Gettysburg found herself on that Christmas Eve connected, with all the world and the rest of mankind, the Adams Sentinel reported. In the home of John Scott along Chambersburg Street, the telegraph had come to Gettysburg. Lightning could now send words to the far-flung corners of the nation from the Adams County seat. [excerpt

Alien Registration- Dube, Wenceslas (Lewiston, Androscoggin County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/29474/thumbnail.jp

Czechs and Poles in the Middle Ages. Rivalry, Cooperation and Alliances

The article contains a description of the development of Czech-Polish relations in the Middle Ages. The author divides Czech-Polish relations in the Middle Ages into three periods. The first period (10th–12th centuries) is characterised by frequent conflicts and rivalry in the struggle for dominion over East-Central Europe. The second period (from the beginning of the 13th century to the 1330s) is characterized by more peaceful relations and the subsequent expansion of Czech power into Silesia and Poland. This period ends in the 1330s, when the newly-established power and political arrangements were formally accepted. The third period (from the 1330s to the beginning of the 16th century) sees a growth in mutual sympathies between the two nations and, at the same time, the rejection of the Czech “heresy” by the Poles. This resulted in the Czech throne being taken up by a Polish dynasty

The lower nobility in the Kingdom of Bohemia in the early 15th century, based on the example of Jan Sádlo of Smilkov

During the Hussite revolution, the lower nobility became an important, complex and powerful political force and exerted considerable influence over the Czech Kingdom. The life of Jan Sádlo of Smilkov is used as an example of a lower nobleman who, due to the political situation, was able to become an influential person and become involved in political developments prior to the revolution and in the revolution’s first year. The story of his life offers some possible interpretations of the events that may have impacted the lower nobility’s life at the beginning of 15th century

Smoldering Embers: Czech-German Cultural Competition, 1848-1948

After World War II, state-sponsored deportations amounting to ethnic cleansing occurred and showed that the roots of the Czech-German cultural competition are important. In Bohemia, Czechs and Germans share a long history of contact, both mutually beneficial and antagonistic. Bohemia became one of the most important constituent realms of the Holy Roman Empire, bringing Czechs into close contact with Germans. During the reign of Václav IV, a theologian at the University of Prague named Jan Hus began to cause controversy. Hus began to preach the doctrines outlined by the Englishman John Wycliffe. At the Council of Constance church officials sought to stamp out Wycliffism and as part of that effort summoned Hus, convicted him of heresy and burned him at the stake on July 6, 1415. Bohemia rose in rebellion, in what became the Hussite Wars. Bohemians elected a Hussite king, George of Poděbrady. Shortly after his death, the Thirty Years War began and resulted in the Austrian Habsburgs gaining the throne of Bohemia. The Habsburg dynasty suppressed Protestantism in the Czech lands and ushering in a brutal Counter-Reformation and forced reconversion to Catholicism. By the nineteenth century, a revival of Czech culture and language brought about Czech nationalism. Spurred by the nobility’s desire to regain lost power from the monarchy, a distinct Czech culture began to coalesce. With noble patronage, Czech nationalists established many of the symbols of the Czech nation such as the Bohemian Museum and the National Theater and initiated Czech language instruction at Charles University in Prague and finally a separate Czech university in Prague. The first generation of nationalist Czech leaders, lead by František Palacký, gave way to a newer generation of nationalists, lead eventually by Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. Masaryk, a professor at the university, successfully lead the efforts during World War I to create an independent Czechoslovakia. Masaryk’s decades-long debate with historian Josef Pekař over the meaning of Czech history illustrates how Czech nationalists distorted historical facts to fit their nationalist ideology. The nationalists succeeded in gaining independence, but faced unsuccessfully forged a new state with a significant, but problematic, German minority

The State and the Church: Historical Educational Themes on Czechoslovak and Polish Postage Stamps and Their Didactic Potential

The text of this paper analyses the history of education as reflected by the postage stamps of the neighbouring countries the Czech Republic and Poland from 1945 to the present day. As a historical source, stamp production reflects modern history in the form of jubilee issues and also contributes towards shaping our collective memory by means of the selection of the topics depicted on postage stamps. This paper recommends their didactic use in history teaching on the basis of an analysis of these themes. The approach described here leads to an effective alternative educative medium that reinforces, first and foremost, interdisciplinary co-operation between school history and media education

Socially Optimal Taxation of Alcohol: The Case of Czech Beer

The proposed paper belongs to the literature on food demand and optimal taxation and to the literature dealing with economics of alcohol production and consumption. We investigate the question of optimal taxation for the commodity whose consumption has positive and negative features both for individual consumer and for the society. The commodity we analyze is the Czech beer.Almost Ideal Demand System, alcohol, beer, brewing industry, consumption, the Czech Republic, elasticity, price, spirits, tax, wine., Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Demand and Price Analysis, Health Economics and Policy, Public Economics, D12, L66, Q18,