2-(4-Methyl­phen­yl)-5-[({[5-(4-methyl­phen­yl)-1,3,4-thia­diazol-2-yl]sulfan­yl}meth­yl)sulfan­yl]-1,3,4-thia­diazole

In the title compound, C19H16N4S4, the mol­ecules exhibit a butterfly conformation, where the thia­diazole and attached benzene rings in two wings are almost coplanar, with dihedral angles of 0.8 (3) and 0.9 (3)°, respectively, while the two thia­diazole rings form a dihedral angle of 46.3 (3)°

Phytohormone-mediated interkingdom signaling shapes the outcome of rice-Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae interactions

Background: Small-molecule hormones are well known to play key roles in the plant immune signaling network that is activated upon pathogen perception. In contrast, little is known about whether phytohormones also directly influence microbial virulence, similar to what has been reported in animal systems. Results: In this paper, we tested the hypothesis that hormones fulfill dual roles in plant-microbe interactions by orchestrating host immune responses, on the one hand, and modulating microbial virulence traits, on the other. Employing the rice-Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) interaction as a model system, we show that Xoo uses the classic immune hormone salicylic acid (SA) as a trigger to activate its virulence-associated quorum sensing (QS) machinery. Despite repressing swimming motility, sodium salicylate (NaSA) induced production of the Diffusible Signal Factor (DSF) and Diffusible Factor (DF) QS signals, with resultant accumulation of xanthomonadin and extracellular polysaccharides. In contrast, abscisic acid (ABA), which favors infection by Xoo, had little impact on DF- and DSF-mediated QS, but promoted bacterial swimming via the LuxR solo protein OryR. Moreover, we found both DF and DSF to influence SA-and ABA-responsive gene expression in planta. Conclusions: Together our findings indicate that the rice SA and ABA signaling pathways cross-communicate with the Xoo DF and DSF QS systems and underscore the importance of bidirectional interkingdom signaling in molding plant-microbe interactions

A neglected event in endovascular repair of aortic dissection: acute blood pressure variability during aortic angiography

[Purpose]To investigate acute blood pressure change during aortic angiography in aortic dissection endovascular repair, and analyse the potential risk of this incident.[Method]24 patients with aortic dissection underwent endovascular repair in department of vascular surgery of Changhai hospital between May 2016 and July 2016 were enrolled in this research. Patients were divided into two groups: patients underwent general anesthesia and patients underwent lumbar anesthesia. Blood pressure was monitored by intro-artery catheter. Blood pressure readings were recorded every 10 seconds during the procedure of angiography. Outcome of these patients were observed in hospital. [Result] All patients received endovascular aortic repair, with 19 underwent lumbar anesthesia and 5 underwent general anesthesia. Patients underwent lumbar anesthesia presented temporary blood pressure decrease with average of -11.2±13.4mmHg, while patients underwent general anesthesia presented temporary blood pressure elevation with average of 4.2±6.3mmHg. The Maximum time interval were 26.7±12.7s vs25.8±15.8s, and difference in blood pressure between pre- and post-angiography were 1.53±4.4mmHg vs. 4.6±3.4mmHg, both without significance (P>0.05).[Conclusion] Angiography is an effective factor influencing blood pressure during TEVAR, it’s a potential “trigger” of intra-operative cardiovascular events. Blood pressure should be kept on proper level to avoid cardiovascular events induced by blood pressure variability with angiography. Angiography with General anesthesia has less influence on blood pressure than with lumbar anesthesia

Quantized control of non-Lipschitz nonlinear systems: a novel control framework with prescribed transient performance and lower design complexity

A novel control design framework is proposed for a class of non-Lipschitz nonlinear systems with quantized states, meanwhile prescribed transient performance and lower control design complexity could be guaranteed. Firstly, different from all existing control methods for systems with state quantization, global stability of strict-feedback nonlinear systems is achieved without requiring the condition that the nonlinearities of the system model satisfy global Lipschitz continuity. Secondly, a novel barrier function-free prescribed performance control (BFPPC) method is proposed, which can guarantee prescribed transient performance under quantized states. Thirdly, a new \textit{W}-function-based control scheme is designed such that virtual control signals are not required to be differentiated repeatedly and the controller could be designed in a simple way, which guarantees global stability and lower design complexity compared with traditional dynamic surface control (DSC). Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method