Use of Chlorella sp. for coating ‘tommy atkins’ mango fruits stored under refrigeration

The number of studies on edible coatings that are used for extending the shelf life of fruits has steadily increased. For this purpose, it is necessary to choose raw materials with characteristics that maintain product quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of coatings of Chlorella sp. on the post-harvest conservation of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango fruits. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design, and spray treatments (T) with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, or 4% of Chlorella sp. were applied to the fruits. After the treatments, the fruits were stored for 28 days (21 days at 10 °C and 42% relative humidity and 7 days at 25 °C and 42% relative humidity), and were analyzed on day 28. There was higher pulp firmness in fruits as the concentration of Chlorella sp. was increased, and the concentration of ascorbic acid was comparatively higher (22.17%) in fruits treated with 3% Chlorella sp. The percentage of soluble solids and the soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio were decreased as the coating concentrations were decreased. The use of Chlorella sp. at 1% and 2% allowed fruit maturation without compromising fruit quality attributes during the 28-day storage period

Production of seedlings of papaya cultivars produced under doses of Spirulina platensis.

A aplicação de biofertilizantes com a finalidade de melhorar o desempenho de culturas agrícolas, têm impulsionado a utilização de produtos à base de microalgas, por ser uma alternativa ao uso de fertilizantes e por ser ecologicamente correto. Desta forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o crescimento e qualidade de mudas de mamoeiro produzidas com o uso de Spirulina platensis através do tratamento das sementes e aplicações adicionais via solo e via foliar. A pesquisa foi realizada em ambiente protegido no Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Pombal-PB, sendo conduzidos quatro experimentos, utilizando-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso (DIC), com cinco repetições e três mudas por repetição. Para acompanhamento do crescimento das mudas adotou-se o esquema de parcelas subdivididas composto por dois fatores, doses de Spirulina platensis (0,0; 0,4; 0,8; 1,2; 1,6 e 2,0%) e épocas de avaliações (20, 28, 36, 44 e 52 dias). Os tratamentos foram realizados nas sementes durante cinco minutos e aplicados ao longo do tempo. A imersão das sementes nas doses de Spirulina platensis não influencia o índice de velocidade de emergência e a porcentagem de emergência. Mas, as aplicações realizadas ao longo do tempo via solo em mudas de mamoeiro do híbrido Tainung-1, referente ao grupo ‘Formosa’ e Sunrise solo, referente ao grupo ‘Papaya’, influência de forma positiva, sendo as doses de0,4 até 1,6% de Spirulina platensis que proporcionou o maior crescimento nas variáveis número de folhas, altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule, área foliar, comprimento da raiz, massa fresca da parte aérea, da raiz e total, massa seca da parte aérea, da raiz e total, relação raiz/parte aérea e Índice de Qualidade de Dickson. A dose de 2,0% de Spirulina platensis proporcionou maior acúmulo de N na massa seca das folhas. A testemunha apresentou maiores teores de P. As aplicações realizadas via foliar não influenciam no crescimento das mudas de mamoeiro ‘Formosa’, mas, para o mamoeiro ‘Papaya’ influenciou na massa fresca da parte aérea, raiz e total. Para as demais variáveis estudadas não houve resposta. A dose de 2,0% e controle proporcionou maior acúmulo de N e P, respectivamente, na massa seca das folhas de mamoeiro ‘Papaya’.The application of biofertilizers or biostimulants for the purpose of improving the performance of agricultural crops has driven the use of products based on microalgae, as an alternative to the use of fertilizers and being ecologically correct. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the production and quality of papaya seedlings produced with the use of Spirulina platensis through seed treatment and additional applications via soil and foliar via, in a protected environment. The research was carried out at the Agro-Food Science and Technology Center of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal-PB. Four experiments were carried out, using a completely randomized experimental design (DIC), with five replications and three replications per replicate. In order to follow the growth of the seedlings, the split-plot scheme was composed of two factors, Spirulina platensis (0.0; 0.4; 0.8; 1.2; 1.6 and 2.0%) and (20, 28, 36, 44 and 52 days). The treatments were carried out in the seeds for five minutes and applied over time. Immersion of seeds at Spirulina platensis doses does not influence the rate of emergence and the percentage of emergence. However, the applications carried out over time via soil in papaya plants of the hybrid Tainung-1, referring to the group 'Formosa' and Sunrise soil, referring to the 'Papaya' group, influence positively, being the doses from 0.4 up to 1.6% of Spirulina platensis that provided the highest growth in the number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, root length, fresh shoot, root and total mass, shoot dry matter, of the root and total, root/shoot ratio and Dickson Quality Index. The 2.0% dose of Spirulina platensis provided greater accumulation of N in the leaf dry mass. However, for the 'Papaya' papaya, it influenced the fresh mass of the aerial part, root and total. For the other variables studied there was no response. The 2.0% and control dose gave higher accumulation of N and P, respectively, in the dry mass of Papaya papaya leaves

Qualidade da carcaça bovina comercializada no município de Assunção, Paraíba

Objetivou-se estudar a qualidade da carcaça bovina comercializada no município de Assunção na região do Cariri paraibano, onde se verificou os fatores que influenciam a qualidade da carne, desde as condições antes, durante e depois do abate, bem como a comercialização, e a higiene-sanitária, através dos procedimentos metodológicos: entrevistas com os comerciantes, visitas aos abatedouros e pontos comerciais, além de análise microbiológica das carnes, fazendo a comparação da carne comercializada na feira livre e no açougue. Os resultados obtidos apontaram que vários motivos levam os consumidores a adquirir a carne nesses pontos comerciais, como forma de pagamento, preço, conhecimento da origem e abate do animal, qualidade, falta de opção, entre outros, havendo destaque para o preço na feira livre (29%) e a forma de pagamento no açougue (27%). Na entrevista com os consumidores, a carne foi classificada como boa, regular e ruim; sendo que 60% dos consumidores (açougue) e 42% (feira livre) consideraram a qualidade da carne como boa; 40% (açougue) e 42% (feira livre), a consideraram regular, e 17% (feira livre) classificou a mesma como ruim. A análise microbiológica efetuada comprovou que todas as amostras coletadas encontraram altos índices de contaminação, estando muito acima do limite permitido pela legislação vigente no país para os parâmetros pesquisados, especialmente na feira livre, onde foram evidenciados os maiores índices de contaminação, principalmente pela presença de Salmonella spp. Comprovando que se faz necessário um maior controle de qualidade da carne comercializada em ambos os estabelecimentos. Quality of bovine carcass marketed in the municipality of Assunção, Paraíba Abstract: This work aimed to study the bovine carcass quality marketed in the city of Assunção in the region of Cariri Paraíba, where it was found the factors that influence the quality of meat from the conditions before, during and after slaughter and marketing, and hygiene, through methodological procedure: interviews with traders, visits to abattoirs and trade points, and microbiological analysis of meat, making the comparison of the meat sold in the open market and butcher. The results showed that various reasons lead consumers to purchase the meat in these outlets as a means of payment, price, knowledge of the origin and slaughter of the animal, quality, lack of choice, among others, with emphasis on the price on the open market (29%) and the form of payment in the meat (27%). In the interview with the consumer, the meat was classified as good, fair and poor; and 60% of consumers (butchers) and 42% (open market) considered the quality of the meat as good; 40% (butcher) and 42% (flea market), the considered regular, and 17% (open market) ranked the same as bad. Microbiological analysis performed, proved that all the collected samples found high levels of contamination, is well above the limit allowed by law in the country for the studied parameters, especially in the free market, where the highest infection rates were evidenced mainly by the presence Salmonella spp. Proving that it is necessary a greater quality control of meat sold in both establishments

Qualidade da carcaça bovina comercializada no município de Assunção, Paraíba

This work aimed to study the bovine carcass quality marketed in the city of Assunção in the region of Cariri Paraíba, where it was found the factors that influence the quality of meat from the conditions before, during and after slaughter and marketing, and hygiene, through methodological procedure: interviews with traders, visits to abattoirs and trade points, and microbiological analysis of meat, making the comparison of the meat sold in the open market and butcher. The results showed that various reasons lead consumers to purchase the meat in these outlets as a means of payment, price, knowledge of the origin and slaughter of the animal, quality, lack of choice, among others, with emphasis on the price on the open market (29%) and the form of payment in the meat (27%). In the interview with the consumer, the meat was classified as good, fair and poor; and 60% of consumers (butchers) and 42% (open market) considered the quality of the meat as good; 40% (butcher) and 42% (flea market), the considered regular, and 17% (open market) ranked the same as bad. Microbiological analysis performed, proved that all the collected samples found high levels of contamination, is well above the limit allowed by law in the country for the studied parameters, especially in the free market, where the highest infection rates were evidenced mainly by the presence Salmonella spp. Proving that it is necessary a greater quality control of meat sold in both establishments.Objetivou-se estudar a qualidade da carcaça bovina comercializada no município de Assunção na região do Cariri paraibano, onde se verificou os fatores que influenciam a qualidade da carne, desde as condições antes, durante e depois do abate, bem como a comercialização, e a higiene-sanitária, através dos procedimentos metodológicos: entrevistas com os comerciantes, visitas aos abatedouros e pontos comerciais, além de análise microbiológica das carnes, fazendo a comparação da carne comercializada na feira livre e no açougue. Os resultados obtidos apontaram que vários motivos levam os consumidores a adquirir a carne nesses pontos comerciais, como forma de pagamento, preço, conhecimento da origem e abate do animal, qualidade, falta de opção, entre outros, havendo destaque para o preço na feira livre (29%) e a forma de pagamento no açougue (27%). Na entrevista com os consumidores, a carne foi classificada como boa, regular e ruim; sendo que 60% dos consumidores (açougue) e 42% (feira livre) consideraram a qualidade da carne como boa; 40% (açougue) e 42% (feira livre), a consideraram regular, e 17% (feira livre) classificou a mesma como ruim. A análise microbiológica efetuada comprovou que todas as amostras coletadas encontraram altos índices de contaminação, estando muito acima do limite permitido pela legislação vigente no país para os parâmetros pesquisados, especialmente na feira livre, onde foram evidenciados os maiores índices de contaminação, principalmente pela presença de Salmonella spp. Comprovando que se faz necessário um maior controle de qualidade da carne comercializada em ambos os estabelecimentos

Crescimento, produção e qualidade pós-colheita de berinjela produzida sob adubação foliar com Spirulina platensis

This study evaluated the growth, yield, and postharvest quality of eggplant grown under different foliar fertilizer treatments with Spirufert® (Spirulina platensis). The treatments consisted of four fertilizer concentrations applied at four phenological stages: M1 (10, 15, 25, and 35 g L-1), M2 (15, 20, 30, and 40 g L-1), M3 (20, 25, 35, and 45 g L-1), and M4 (control plants, water spraying only). For Postharvest experiments were conducted in a 4 x 5 factorial design corresponding to the four treatments in the field experiment and five storage times. Spirufert® applied at lower concentrations (M1) resulted in greater fruit yield without affecting the foliar concentrations of N, P, K, and Na. Higher fertilizer concentrations (M3) increased vegetative growth but reduced eggplant yield. Fruit color parameters and soluble solids contents were not affected by fertilizer application, but pulp firmness was more stable in M1 fruits stored for up to six days.Objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento, a produção e a qualidade pós-colheita da berinjela em função de manejos (M) de aplicação foliar com Spirufert® (Spirulina platensis). Os manejos foram constituídos por quatro concentrações do produto, aplicadas em quatro fases fenológicas da cultura, sendo o M1 constituído por pulverizações nas concentrações de 10, 15, 25 e 35 g L-1; o M2 correspondeu às concentrações de 15, 20, 30 e 40 g L-1; o M3 por 20, 25, 35 e 45 e g L-1 e o M4 correspondeu à testemunha. Para o ensaio de pós-colheita, os tratamentos corresponderam a um esquema fatorial 4 x 5, correspondente aos quatro tratamentos originados do experimento de campo e cinco períodos de armazenamento. O Spirufert® aplicado em concentrações mais baixas (M1) proporciona maior produção de frutos, sem influenciar os teores foliares de N, P, K e Na da cultura. Concentrações mais elevadas do produto (M3) favorecem o desenvolvimento vegetativo da berinjela em detrimento da produção. O produto não afeta a cor do fruto nem seus sólidos solúveis, porém o manejo M1 proporciona maior estabilidade na firmeza dos frutos durante o seu armazenamento de até seis dias

CRESCIMENTO E QUALIDADE DE MUDAS DE ROMÃZEIRA ‘WONDERFUL’ PROPAGADAS POR ESTAQUIA

In order study the different management techniques stakes pomegranate 'Wonderful' for vegeta-tive propagation in the dry and rainy season, in the semiarid region of Paraiba. The survey was conducted in the greenhouse, in the Campus Center of Science and Agrifood Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, in the City of Pombal-PB, Brazil. There were two experiments, one in the dry season, which com-prised from August to December 2012 (Experiment I), and another in the rainy season, from January to June 2013 (Experiment II). Experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four repli-cations and five plants per replication. To monitor the growth and physiology of the plant was adopted factorial consisting of two factors, managements of cuttings (cuttings with leaves, cuttings without leaves and cuttings without leaves more base incision) in function evaluation times (Days after planting). The propagation material was purchased from commercial plants and cuttings of softwood type. The samples were standardized by size, standard length 15 cm. The management of the cuttings leafless more incision in the base is most suitable for the propagation of pomegranate 'Wonderful'. The management of the cuttings with leaves is not suitable for the propagation of the pomegranate 'Wonderful', in the dry season. The rainy season is the ideal time for the pro-duction of seedlings of the pomegranate 'Wonderful'. The ideal time to obtain saplings of pomegranate 'Wonderful' is 144 days after planting the cuttings

Produção, aspectos nutricionais e fisiológicos de alface sob adubação foliar com Spirulina platensis

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência de concentrações do fertilizante orgânico a base de Spirulina platensis sobre a produção, crescimento, teores de N, P, K e sódio e sobre as trocas gasosas de alface cv. Elba em condições de campo. Utilizouse o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos, constituídos das concentrações do fertilizante (0; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5; 6,0 e 7,5%) com seis repetições. No ponto de colheita da cultura foram avaliadas variáveis de produção e crescimento, os teores de nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio e sódio, bem como, as trocas gasosas das plantas com o medidor de gás infravermelho (IRGA). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as concentrações do fertilizante, não afetaram a produção, o crescimento, os teores de nutrientes avaliados, assim como não influenciaram as trocas gasosas das plantas.The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of concentrations of organic fertilizer based on Spirulina platensis on yield, growth, in N, P, K and sodium contents and on gaseous changes of lettuce cv. Elba in field conditions. Use the design of randomized blocks, with six treatments consisting of different concentrations of fertilizer (0; 1.5; 3.0; 4.5; 6.0 and 7.5%) with six replications. At the harvest point were evaluated the growth and production, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sodium, as well as gas exchange plant with infrared gas meter (IRGA). The results showed that the fertilizer concentrations did not affect production, growth, levels of nutrients evaluated, and did not influence the gas exchange of plants

Crescimento e qualidade de mudas de romãzeira ‘Molar’ propagadas por estaquia

The seminiferous propagation of the pomegranate tree is dramatically affected by the presence of a sarcotesta, which often makes this method of propagation unfeasible. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the production of rootstocks for Mollar pomegranate cuttings under different management techniques in the dry and wet seasons. Two experiments were performed, one in the dry season (August to December 2012, Experiment I), and another in the rainy season (January to June 2013, Experiment II). The experiments used a completely randomized design with four replications and five seedlings per plot. To monitor plant growth and physiology, a factorial scheme using two factors, management of softwood cuttings (cuttings with leaves; cuttings without leaves; and cuttings without leaves, but with an incision at the base) and evaluation times (60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 days after planting [DAP] in Experiment I and 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, and 150 DAP in Experiment II) was adopted. The propagation material was collected from commercial plants, from the median portion of the branch. The cuttings were approximately 15 cm long. Cuttings without leaves with an incision at the base were more suitable for vegetative propagation of Mollar pomegranate trees, regardless of season (dry or wet). Seedlings grown in the rainy season had higher survival rates and higher root and shoot growth. The use of cuttings with leaves for the vegetative propagation of the Mollar pomegranate tree in the dry season is not feasible. The best time to transplant Mollar pomegranate tree seedlings, in the rainy season, is at 130 DAP, at an average height of 45 cm. A propagação seminífera da romãzeira é drasticamente afetada pela presença da sarcotesta na semente, que muitas vezes chegando a inviabilizar esse método de propagação. Com isso, objetivou-se avaliar a produção de porta-enxerto sob diferentes técnicas de manejo de estacas de romãzeira ‘Molar’, nos períodos seco e chuvoso. Realizaram-se dois experimentos, um no período seco, de agosto a dezembro de 2012 (Experimento I) e outro no período chuvoso, de janeiro a junho de 2013 (Experimento II). Os experimentos foram em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e cinco mudas por parcela. Para o acompanhamento do crescimento e fisiologia da planta adotou-se esquema fatorial composto por dois fatores, manejos de estacas semilenhosas (estacas com folhas; estacas sem folhas e estacas sem folhas mais incisão na base) e épocas de avaliação (60, 70, 80, 90 e 100 dias após o plantio – DAP no experimento I e 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140 e 150 DAP no experimento II). O material propagativo foi retirado de plantas comerciais, da porção mediana do ramo. As estacas foram padronizadas com aproximadamente 15 cm de comprimento. Estacas sem folhas com incisão na base foram mais adequadas para a propagação vegetativa da romãzeira ‘Molar’ independentemente do período do ano (seco ou chuvoso). Mudas produzidas no período chuvoso apresentaram maior índice de sobrevivência, e crescimento da parte aérea e radicular. O uso de estacas com folhas para a propagação vegetativa da romãzeira ‘Molar’ no período seco é inviável. A melhor época para o transplantio das mudas de romãzeira ‘Molar’, no período chuvoso, é aos 130 dias após o plantio, e apresentam uma altura média de 45cm

Irrigation Strategies with Controlled Water Deficit in Two Production Cycles of Cotton

Water scarcity is one of the main abiotic factors that limit agricultural production. In this sense, the identification of genotypes tolerant to water deficit associated with irrigation management strategies is extremely important. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the morphology, production, water consumption, and water use efficiency of colored fiber cotton genotypes submitted to irrigation strategies with a water deficit in the phenological phases. Two experiments were conducted in succession. In the first experiment, a randomized block design was used in a 3 × 7 factorial scheme, corresponding to three colored cotton genotypes (BRS Rubi, BRS Jade, and BRS Safira) in seven irrigation management strategies with 40% of the real evapotranspiration (ETr) varying the phenological stages. In the second experiment, the same design was used in a 3 × 10 factorial arrangement (genotypes × irrigation management strategies). The water deficit in the vegetative phase can be used in the first year of cotton cultivation. Among the genotypes, ‘BRS Jade’ is the most tolerant to water deficit in terms of phytomass accumulation and fiber production