Was WALL-E’s Fire extinguisher adequate for his space scene?

This paper investigates Disney’s movie WALL-E and whether the fire extinguisher he uses had enough carbon dioxide, CO2, in it, to last for his entire space flight and if not, how many extinguishers he would require and the actual mass of CO2. The extinguisher used by WALL-E was estimated to contain 2 kg of CO2. The findings of the paper were that WALL-E’s extinguisher was not of adequate size and would have lasted only 16 s of the scene which lasted 105 s. For the completion he would have required 6 further extinguishers, totalling 7. With impurities of an extinguisher considered the actual mass of CO2 required was calculated to be 13.77 kg and not 14 kg

Would The Doctor and Martha Have Survived on the Moon with the Judoon?

This paper investigates a Doctor Who episode, Smith and Jones, where a hospital and its inhabitants are transported to the moon by an alien race and whether it was feasible for them to have survived for as long as they did or longer due to a limited air supply. The finding was that they had nearly 105 days of oxygen supply, a considerably longer amount of time than the half an hour of supply shown in the episode

What Does Kirks Radiation Poisoning Tell Us About The USS Enterprise?

This paper calculates the power output of Star Treks’ USS Enterprise warp core if modelled as a uranium powered fission reactor using Captain Kirk’s radiation poisoning symptoms as seen in the movie, Star Trek Into Darkness. Kirk was said to have received a dose of 30 Gy and through subsequent calculations the power output was determined to be 32 MW

What Does Kirks Radiation Poisoning Tell Us About The USS Enterprise?

This paper calculates the power output of Star Treks’ USS Enterprise warp core if modelled as a uranium powered fission reactor using Captain Kirk’s radiation poisoning symptoms as seen in the movie, Star Trek Into Darkness. Kirk was said to have received a dose of 30 Gy and through subsequent calculations the power output was determined to be 32 MW

Prognostic validation of a new classification system for extent of resection in glioblastoma: a report of the RANO resect group

BACKGROUND Terminology to describe extent of resection in glioblastoma is inconsistent across clinical trials. A surgical classification system was previously proposed based upon residual contrast-enhancing (CE) tumor. We aimed to (I) explore the prognostic utility of the classification system and (II) define how much removed non-CE tumor translates into a survival benefit. METHODS The international RANO resect group retrospectively searched previously compiled databases from seven neuro-oncological centers in the USA and Europe for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma per WHO 2021 classification. Clinical and volumetric information from pre- and post-operative MRI were collected. RESULTS We collected 1008 patients with newly diagnosed IDHwt glioblastoma. 744 IDHwt glioblastomas were treated with radiochemotherapy per EORTC 26981/22981 (TMZ/RT→TMZ) following surgery. Among these homogenously treated patients, lower absolute residual tumor volumes (in cm 3) were favorably associated with outcome: patients with 'maximal CE resection' (class 2) had superior outcome compared to patients with 'submaximal CE resection' (class 3) or 'biopsy' (class 4). Extensive resection of non-CE tumor (≤5 cm 3 residual non-CE tumor) was associated with better survival among patients with complete CE resection, thus defining class 1 ('supramaximal CE resection'). The prognostic value of the resection classes was retained on multivariate analysis when adjusting for molecular and clinical markers. CONCLUSIONS The proposed "RANO categories for extent of resection in glioblastoma" are highly prognostic and may serve for stratification within clinical trials. Removal of non-CE tumor beyond the CE tumor borders may translate into additional survival benefit, providing a rationale to explicitly denominate such 'supramaximal CE resection'

Just transitions in the Australian automotive sector?

The closure of the Australian passenger vehicle industry in 2017 ended an important phase in the nation’s economic history. Closure affected up to 100,000 employees working across the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and the supply chain, with the impacts concentrated in two Australian states. This paper examines both the processes and the outcomes of this closure, making use of a Just Transitions lens to assess the wider impacts of this change. It reviews the measures put in place to assist workers displaced by plant closure, while also drawing on three waves of data from a survey of retrenched workers. The paper argues the process of transition for former employees was shaped by the distinctive characteristics of Australia’s system of industrial relations and the ambition of its governments to have as many affected workers find employment as possible. This objective was prioritised over quality of employment or the emerging skill needs of industries. The paper finds that while former auto workers have been able to re-establish themselves in the labour market, the management of this major change does not meet the expectations of a Just Transition as too little attention was directed to the wider societal impacts of this transformation

The Treat-to-Target Project in Atopic Dermatitis: One Year On

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin condition for which a range of systemic treatments have recently been approved. A treat-to-target strategy has been deve loped previously alongside an algorithm to guide the management of patients with atopic dermatitis. Here, we review the strategy and algorithm in the context of the evolving therapeutic landscape, and identify areas for further refinement and development

Root Exudates Alter the Expression of Diverse Metabolic, Transport, Regulatory, and Stress Response Genes In Rhizosphere \u3ci\u3ePseudomonas\u3c/i\u3e

Plants live in association with microorganisms that positively influence plant development, vigor, and fitness in response to pathogens and abiotic stressors. The bulk of the plant microbiome is concentrated belowground at the plant root-soil interface. Plant roots secrete carbon-rich rhizodeposits containing primary and secondary low molecular weight metabolites, lysates, and mucilages. These exudates provide nutrients for soil microorganisms and modulate their affinity to host plants, but molecular details of this process are largely unresolved. We addressed this gap by focusing on the molecular dialog between eight well-characterized beneficial strains of the Pseudomonas fluorescens group and Brachypodium distachyon, a model for economically important food, feed, forage, and biomass crops of the grass family. We collected and analyzed root exudates of B. distachyon and demonstrated the presence of multiple carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, and phenolic compounds. The subsequent screening of bacteria by Biolog Phenotype MicroArrays revealed that many of these metabolites provide carbon and energy for the Pseudomonas strains. RNA-seq profiling of bacterial cultures amended with root exudates revealed changes in the expression of genes encoding numerous catabolic and anabolic enzymes, transporters, transcriptional regulators, stress response, and conserved hypothetical proteins. Almost half of the differentially expressed genes mapped to the variable part of the strains’ pangenome, reflecting the importance of the variable gene content in the adaptation of P. fluorescens to the rhizosphere lifestyle. Our results collectively reveal the diversity of cellular pathways and physiological responses underlying the establishment of mutualistic interactions between these beneficial rhizobacteria and their plant hosts