Cerebrovascular Smooth Muscle Cells as the Drivers of Intramural Periarterial Drainage of the Brain

The human brain is the organ with the highest metabolic activity but it lacks a traditional lymphatic system responsible for clearing waste products. We have demonstrated that the basement membranes of cerebral capillaries and arteries represent the lymphatic pathways of the brain along which intramural periarterial drainage (IPAD) of soluble metabolites occurs. Failure of IPAD could explain the vascular deposition of the amyloid-beta protein as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), which is a key pathological feature of Alzheimer\u27s disease. The underlying mechanisms of IPAD, including its motive force, have not been clarified, delaying successful therapies for CAA. Although arterial pulsations from the heart were initially considered to be the motive force for IPAD, they are not strong enough for efficient IPAD. This study aims to unravel the driving force for IPAD, by shifting the perspective of a heart-driven clearance of soluble metabolites from the brain to an intrinsic mechanism of cerebral arteries (e.g., vasomotion-driven IPAD). We test the hypothesis that the cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells, whose cycles of contraction and relaxation generate vasomotion, are the drivers of IPAD. A novel multiscale model of arteries, in which we treat the basement membrane as a fluid-filled poroelastic medium deformed by the contractile cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells, is used to test the hypothesis. The vasomotion-induced intramural flow rates suggest that vasomotion-driven IPAD is the only mechanism postulated to date capable of explaining the available experimental observations. The cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells could represent valuable drug targets for prevention and early interventions in CAA

Home Endotoxin Exposure and Wheeze in Infants: Correction for Bias Due to Exposure Measurement Error

Exposure to elevated levels of endotoxin in family-room dust was previously observed to be significantly associated with increased wheeze in the first year of life among a cohort of 404 children in the Boston, Massachusetts, metropolitan area. However, it is likely that family-room dust endotoxin was a surrogate for airborne endotoxin exposure. Therefore, a related substudy characterized the relationship between levels of airborne household endotoxin and the level of endotoxin present in house dust, in addition to identifying other significant predictors of airborne endotoxin in the home. We now reexamine the relationship between endotoxin exposure and wheeze under the assumption that the level of airborne endotoxin in the home is the exposure of interest and that the amount of endotoxin in household dust is a surrogate for this exposure. We applied a measurement error correction technique, using all available data to estimate the effect of endotoxin exposure in terms of airborne concentration and accounting for the measurement error induced by using house-dust endotoxin as a surrogate measure in the portion of the data in which airborne endotoxin could not be directly measured. After adjusting for confounding by lower respiratory infection status and race/ethnicity, endotoxin exposure was found to be significantly associated with a nearly 6-fold increase in prevalence of wheeze for a one interquartile range increase in airborne endotoxin (95% confidence interval, 1.2–26) among the 360 children in households with dust endotoxin levels between the 5th and 95th percentiles

Prospectus, May 2, 1969

SG RAPS PROSPECTUS; Board Approves 2 New Programs; Board Meets Tuesday Over Student Rights; Permanent Officers Elected; Dr. Smith Resigns, Gets Doctorate; Applications Open For Art Exhibit; Editors\u27 Column; Readerspeak; Queen hopefuls Make Ready, BSA Pulls Out; Draft Counselor Opens At PC; Betas To State; Parkland\u27s Para-Professionals; Culture Abounds In Mrs. Clore\u27s Home; Gayle Wright: Won\u27t Accept Second Best; Counselors\u27 Corner...; GI\u27s Survive To Get Home; Klapperich Entered At Meet; IM Softball; Parkland\u27s Liz Sharp; New Bill Limits JC Recruiting; At PCKFA Meet: Kite Flying Instructors Battle April\u27s Breezes;https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1969/1007/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, May 16, 1969

BOARD LOOKS AT CODE; Art Show Ill-Attended; Black Rap; Art Students Ask The Question Why; Review of Hamlet; Not So Nursery Rhyme; Bake Sale Goes Over Big; Ask Minerva; New Members Of SG Hit; Instructional Resource Center; The Marvelous Montoya; Teachers Unite; Parkland Players Present...; Aces And Spaces; Counselors\u27 Corner...; Dr. Smith Moves Forth; Moose Lodge Is Picketed; Liz Sharp, Klapperich Track Stars; Intramural Track Results; Parkland College Basketball Schedule; Photographic Art By Thomas Kläyhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1969/1006/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, April 28, 1969

CAGERS REWARDED AT BANQUET; Dean\u27s Team; Parkland Tops; Black Rap; Readerspeak; Grey Is The Way; BSA; Quote Of The Week; PC Board Elects; Joel Fort; Just Ask Minerva!; Registrations ; Scholarships Available; To Mel; Spring Fine Arts Exhibit; Veterans\u27 Dinner; Auto Farm Equipment Club; Doris Larson Interview; Kenneth Armstrong: South Vietnam, An Endless Circle?; Parkland Honors First Cagers; 2 Cobras Named By Paper; Staerkel Guest Speaker, Eight Letter Winners; IM All-Stars Whip Faculty; Counselors\u27 Corner...; ED. Committee Approves Lawhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1969/1008/thumbnail.jp

Cerebrovascular Smooth Muscle Cells as the Drivers of Intramural Periarterial Drainage of the Brain

The human brain is the organ with the highest metabolic activity but it lacks a traditional lymphatic system responsible for clearing waste products. We have demonstrated that the basement membranes of cerebral capillaries and arteries represent the lymphatic pathways of the brain along which intramural periarterial drainage (IPAD) of soluble metabolites occurs. Failure of IPAD could explain the vascular deposition of the amyloid-beta protein as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), which is a key pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease. The underlying mechanisms of IPAD, including its motive force, have not been clarified, delaying successful therapies for CAA. Although arterial pulsations from the heart were initially considered to be the motive force for IPAD, they are not strong enough for efficient IPAD. This study aims to unravel the driving force for IPAD, by shifting the perspective of a heart-driven clearance of soluble metabolites from the brain to an intrinsic mechanism of cerebral arteries (e.g., vasomotion-driven IPAD). We test the hypothesis that the cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells, whose cycles of contraction and relaxation generate vasomotion, are the drivers of IPAD. A novel multiscale model of arteries, in which we treat the basement membrane as a fluid-filled poroelastic medium deformed by the contractile cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells, is used to test the hypothesis. The vasomotion-induced intramural flow rates suggest that vasomotion-driven IPAD is the only mechanism postulated to date capable of explaining the available experimental observations. The cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells could represent valuable drug targets for prevention and early interventions in CAA

Prospectus, March 7, 1969

SPOON RIVER TRIUMPHS; 3 Teachers Exhibit; PC Board Meets, Students Get Voice; PSA; Editors\u27 Column; Readerspeak; Supersnake; Wild In The Streets; Finally Found; Volger Stresses Self-Improvement; Counselors\u27 Corner…; Scholarships For Librarians Offered; Creative Writer\u27s Workshop; Tea Party; Re: life after death; Sterile Like Ink; For Lainie; on self immolation in washington d.c.; a roomful of women; Open House; SG Passes Rights & Freedoms; Allerton Committee Asks For PC Action; Inner Organization Council Formed; Agriculture Club Formed At PC; Start Ski Club For PC Students; Junior Colleges Crowded; Nurses Form New Organization; Hilltoppers Lose Regional Game; Ask Minerva; Heartbreaker For PC Cobras; Cobras Score High In Performance; Druts Remain Undefeated; Award Of The Year; IM All-Star Team To Playhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1969/1010/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, April 21, 1975

ORGANIZED STRUGGLE,\u27 DAVIS; Bomb Scare????; StuGo: Wegner Made Secretary Get Budget; Hot Meals; Albin, Barnes, Hood Win Trustee Election; StuGo Elections May 7-8; editorials; letters; The Short Circuit; The Kaleidoscope; Special Feature: Women In Art; Women Work Of Art; Who\u27s Afraid Of ERA??; The Poison Pen Tongue; Chess Talk; EIU At PC; Photography 35; L.T.D.s Corner: Pure Music: by Chase; Skylines; This And That; Sports Views; Cobras Drop Twin Bill; E. St. Louis Track Meet; Bio-Field Course; Walk For The Bald Eagles Week; Track To Kansas; Classified Ads; Moon Lake; Cat Ballou; L.R.C. Hires New Staff Member; Parkland Events; Suggestion Box; New PC Staffhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1975/1012/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, December 6, 1974

OTHERS DISAGREE: STAERKEL: \u27DAY CARE JUST A CONVENIENCE\u27; Student Government Up For Grabs Again; P/C Model For Therapeutic Rec; Gunji Coordinator For Recognition Awards Selection; Our First Report On A Cape Kennedy Launch; Pre-Registration Helps Everyone; UPC: Consumer Aid Or Just A bother?; Fool Killer Does Wonder, The Pips Fool Mother Nature; Where Are We? A Few Facts On The New Signs; Prospectus Gets Bomb Threat, Caller \u27Disturbed\u27; Cyclowski Is First Fast Freddy Repeat; getting around day care; The Short Circuit; A Column By And For Women; getting the shaft; summary of report on possible child care services at parkland college; letters; High School Visitation Week; The Five Snow Queen Finalists; All Set For StuGo Election; Classified Ads; Cobras Notch Two Wins; Parkland-Rend Lake; Parkland-Wabash Valley; IM Basketball Starts Tomorrow; High Rollers Squeak Past BMF For IM Championship; Electronic Music Made Easy; 528 Earn Spot On Honors List; Author Richard Farina\u27s Latest \u27Interesting Despite The Flaws\u27; Parkland Events; Callboard; Europe Still Available At Low Cost; IM Basketball Schedulehttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1974/1001/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, November 18, 1975

PC NEWS IN BRIEF: TOYS FOR TOTS, SHOPPING TRIP, KARATE, LOU HENSON, CHEERLEADERS, BIO 200; Hurry, 3 days remain; IKE…What?; Off Campus offering; P.C. Women 4th in State; editorial; Roots & Radicals; Far Out Planet; Letter To The Editor; Student Achievement Recognition Award; Some - Dancers?; Stick it in your...; P.M. Student Coffee Hour; Tickets Available; Aides to host tea For C-U Teachers; Introducing, Wes Crum; Distaff Side; \u27Why can\u27t we be friends?\u27; Dog Wash; EA to meet; First Meeting; Photo Contest; ERA Rally Held; (IBEA) Meeting Held; Good News; Louisiana Funk at its greatest; Purlie; Furor shakes up Stu-Go; Cited for misconduct: Three members suspended; Discord within Stu-Go: Conference under fire; Finance Board not doing job; Alternatives to Stu-Go; McMullen Resigns; Gameroom Brings Big money; Broken Record?; StuGo States Pinball Project Progresses; Skylines: Black holes?; Parkland Events; Students Not Fascists; Vinyl Love; B and O preforms; Country Bouquet: The Grand Ole Opry ; Dear Bonnie; Classified; Moondogs demolish Wrecks; Fast Freddy\u27s football forecast; I.M. Basketball starts today; Basketball schedule; Games of November 22; Coach\u27s Corner; Parkland Athletes Earn International Acclaim; Karate Demo set for Nov. 20; Ken needs you; Sports Views; Blackhawks vs Broadstreet Bullies at Chicago Stadiumhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1975/1002/thumbnail.jp