Élisabeth Lusset, Crime, châtiments et grâce dans les monastères au Moyen Âge (xiie-xve siècle)

Cet excellent livre constitue un complément bienvenu à l’histoire sociale et culturelle du monachisme occidental au Moyen Âge. L’enquête et l’analyse d’Élisabeth Lusset portent sur une diversité de sources normatives et narratives se rapportant aux crimes commis par des moines, des moniales et des chanoines réguliers. En rassemblant une documentation dispersée, l’auteure apporte une contribution nouvelle à l’historiographie du crime et du châtiment au Moyen Âge, aux travaux sur le sens de la ..

Effects of Food Insecurity on Academic Motivation Amongst Undergraduate University Students

Food insecurity is a prevalent problem for undergraduate students. The stress associated with food insecurity may reduce academic motivation, which may be linked to academic performance. However, no reports exist in the literature assessing this relationship. An anonymous online survey targeting adults 18 years or older was distributed via social media platforms. The survey included demographic questions, the Food Insecurity Experience Scale, and the Academic Motivation Scale. Data was analyzed using Pearson’s Correlation Correlation in SPSS Version 25.0. A total of 997 participants completed the survey.The results showed significant negative correlations between academic motivation and food insecurity and stress (p\u3c0.01). Caring about attending college and a household running out of food was negatively correlated (p\u3c0.01). Experiencing stress and being unable to eat healthy and nutritious food (p\u3c0.01) were positively correlated. Overall, food insecurity is linked to a negative state of mind, which may reduce academic motivation.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2023/1052/thumbnail.jp

Effects of Mediterranean and Western Dietary Patterns on Mental Distress and Perceived Stress

Compared to the Western diet, the Mediterranean diet has many known health benefits. To assess how the dietary components of each diet affect mental wellbeing, an anonymous online survey targeting those 18 and older was distributed via social media and email. This survey included demographic questions and the validated Food-Mood Questionnaire, which asked participants to rate how often they consumed various foods that constitute both diets, such as whole grains, fish, fast food, and meat. It also included questions that evaluated their perceived stress and mental distress through the Perceived Stress and the Kessler-6 scales. A total of 1591 participants completed the survey. The data was analyzed using Spearman’s Rho correlation and Principal Component Analysis in SPSS version 25.0. The results showed significant negative correlations between mental distress and perceived stress with several components of the Mediterranean diet, such as whole grains, seafood, and beans. Meat was also found to be negatively correlated with mental distress and perceived stress. However, significant positive correlations between mental distress, perceived stress and the Western diet such as fast food and high glycemic index food were found. This suggests that incorporating components of the Mediterranean diet is beneficial for mental wellbeing.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1081/thumbnail.jp

Effects of Food Insecurity on Perceived Stress Among Undergraduate University Students

Food insecurity is a rising issue among college students. The added pressure and worry over food availability impacts students’ mindset and their perception of stress. However, research investigating this relationship is limited. To address this gap, an anonymous online survey was distributed via social media platforms to adults 18 years and older. The survey included demographic questions, the Food Mood Questionnaire, and the Perceived Stress Scale. A total of 997 people completed the survey, including 705 females, 246 males, and 46 others. Data was analyzed using Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient in SPSS Version 25.0. A significant positive correlation was found between food insecurity and perceived stress (p\u3c0.01). Significant negative correlations between the consumption of dark green leafy vegetables and fruit with perceived stress (p\u3c0.01) were also found. This suggests that students experiencing food insecurity may consume less nutritious foods and perceive themselves as more stressed.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2023/1096/thumbnail.jp

Effects of elevated CO2 on predator avoidance behaviour by reef fishes is not altered by experimental test water

Pioneering studies into the effects of elevated CO2 on the behaviour of reef fishes often tested high-CO2 reared fish using control water in the test arena. While subsequent studies using rearing treatment water (control or high CO2) in the test arena have confirmed the effects of high CO2 on a range of reef fish behaviours, a further investigation into the use of different test water in the experimental arena is warranted. Here, we used a fully factorial design to test the effect of rearing treatment water (control or high CO2) and experimental test water (control or high CO2) on antipredator responses of larval reef fishes. We tested antipredator behaviour in larval clownfish Amphiprion percula and ambon damselfish Pomacentrus amboinensis, two species that have been used in previous high CO2 experiments. Specifically, we tested if: (1) using control or high CO2 water in a two channel flume influenced the response of larval clownfish to predator odour; and (2) using control or high CO2 water in the test arena influenced the escape response of larval damselfish to a startle stimulus. Finally, (3) because the effects of high CO2 on fish behaviour appear to be caused by altered function of the GABA-A neurotransmitter we tested if antipredator behaviours were restored in clownfish treated with a GABA antagonist (gabazine) in high CO2 water. Larval clownfish reared from hatching in control water (496 µatm) strongly avoided predator cue whereas larval clownfish reared from hatching in high CO2 (1,022 µatm) were attracted to the predator cue, as has been reported in previous studies. There was no effect on fish responses of using either control or high CO2 water in the flume. Larval damselfish reared for four days in high CO2 (1,051 µatm) exhibited a slower response to a startle stimulus and slower escape speed compared with fish reared in control conditions (464 µatm). There was no effect of test water on escape responses. Treatment of high-CO2 reared clownfish with 4 mg l−1 gabazine in high CO2 seawater restored the normal response to predator odour, as has been previously reported with fish tested in control water. Our results show that using control water in the experimental trials did not influence the results of previous studies on antipredator behaviour of reef fishes and also supports the results of novel experiments conducted in natural reef habitat at ambient CO2 levels

Hotspots of Unseen Fishing Vessels Illuminate Areas of Concern for Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing

Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing incurs an annual cost of up to US$25 billion in economic losses, results in substantial losses of aquatic life, and has been linked to human rights violations. Vessel tracking data from the automatic identification system (AIS) are powerful tools for combating IUU, yet AIS transponders can be disabled, reducing its efficacy as a surveillance tool. We present a global dataset of AIS disabling in commercial fisheries, which obscures up to 6% (\u3e4.9 M hours) of vessel activity. Disabling hot spots were located near the exclusive economic zones (EEZs) of Argentina and West African nations and in the Northwest Pacific, all regions of IUU concern. Disabling was highest near transshipment hot spots and near EEZ boundaries, particularly contested ones. We also found links between disabling and location hiding from competitors and pirates. These inferences on where and why activities are obscured provide valuable information to improve fisheries management

Western Gull Foraging Behavior as an Ecosystem State Indicator in Coastal California

With accelerating climate variability and change, novel approaches are needed to warn managers of changing ecosystem state and to identify appropriate management actions. One strategy is using indicator species—like seabirds as ecosystem sentinels—to monitor changes in marine environments. Here, we explore the utility of western gulls (Larus occidentalis) breeding on Southeast Farallon Island as a proxy of ecosystem state in coastal California by investigating the interannual variability in gull foraging behavior from 2013 to 2019 in relation to upwelling conditions, prey abundances, and overlap with humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) as gulls frequently feed in association with whales. Western gulls have a flexible diet and forage on land and at-sea. We combined gull GPS tracking data during the incubation phase, ecosystem survey data on multiple predator and prey species, and derived oceanographic upwelling products. When foraging at sea, gulls overlapped with cool upwelled waters. During 2015–2017, 25% more gull foraging trips visited land than in other years, where land trips were on average ∼8 h longer and 40% further than sea trips, which coincided with high compression of coastally upwelled waters (habitat compression) in 2015–2016. Gull foraging behavior was related to local prey abundances, where more foraging occurred near shore or on land when prey abundances were low. However, visual surveys indicated that ∼70% of humpback whale observations co-occurred with gulls, and the year with the most foraging on land (2017) corresponded to regionally low relative whale abundances, suggesting gull movement patterns could be an indicator of whale presence. Further, both whales and gulls forage near-shore under high upwelling habitat compression and low krill abundance. Hence, the deployment of year-round tags on gulls with the capability of near real-time data accessibility could provide important fine-scale metrics for conservation and management of the threatened yet recovering eastern Pacific humpback whale population between infrequent and coarse surveys. Entanglement in fishing gear and ship strikes are major inhibitors to whale recovery and have increased concomitantly with human use of ocean resources. Moreover, as climate variability and change increase, novel indicators should be explored and implemented to inform marine spatial planning and protect species across multiple scales from new risks

DBT-enhanced cognitive-behavioral treatment for trichotillomania: A randomized controlled trial

Background and aims: Limited treatment options are available for trichotillomania (TTM) and most have modest outcomes. Suboptimal treatment results may be due to the failure of existing approaches to address all TTM styles. Methods: Thirty-eight DSM-IV TTM participants were randomly assigned across two study sites to Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) -enhanced cognitive-behavioral treatment (consisting of an 11-week acute treatment and 3-month maintenance treatment) or a minimal attention control (MAC) condition. MAC participants had active treatment after the 11-week control condition. Follow-up study assessments were conducted three and six months after the maintenance period. Results: Open trial treatment resulted in significant improvement in TTM severity, emotion regulation (ER) capacity, experiential avoidance, anxiety and depression with changes generally maintained over time. In the randomized controlled trial, those with active treatment had greater improvement than those in the MAC condition for both TTM severity and ER capacity. Correlations between changes in TTM severity and ER capacity were not reported at post-treatment but did occur in maintenance and follow-up indicating reduced TTM severity with improved ER capacity. Conclusions: DBT-enhanced cognitive-behavioral treatment is a promising treatment for TTM. Future studies should compare this approach to other credible treatment interventions and investigate the efficacy of this approach in more naturalistic samples with greater comorbidity