22 research outputs found
Transitional Phase or a New Balance? Working and Caring by Mothers With Young Children in the Netherlands
Transitional Phase or a New Balance? Working and Caring by Mothers With Young Children in the Netherlands
Ethnicity, youth cultural participation, and cultural reproduction in the Netherlands
The purpose of this research is the explanation of differences in cultural participation of adolescents of different ethnic backgrounds. Six hundred ninety-eight Dutch and ethnic minority adolescents in a large city in the Netherlands filled in a questionnaire about their active cultural participation (e.g., playing musical instruments, dancing, acting, drawing) and receptive cultural participation (e.g., going to classical concerts, plays, museums). The expected lower cultural participation among minority youth (i.e., youth whose parents had both been born in Morocco, Turkey or former Dutch colonies such as Surinam and the Dutch Antilles) was limited toMoroccan and Turkish youths’ receptive cultural participation. Contrary to the acculturation hypothesis, we did not find any indication of a growing resemblance in youth cultural participation between the different ethnic groups. In keeping with Bourdieu’s reproduction theory, it was examined whether well-educated parents with ample cultural capital raise children who are also successful in acquiring educational and cultural capital. The findings suggest that mothers play a key role. Mothers exert a far greater cultural influence on their daughters than on their sons.Moreover, the cultural influence of mothers on daughters is much stronger than that of fathers. We conclude that intergenerational cultural reproduction affects Dutch and ethnic minority children in the same way
Maturing Human CD127+ CCR7+ PDL1+ Dendritic Cells Express AIRE in the Absence of Tissue Restricted Antigens.
Expression of the Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) outside of the thymus has long been suggested in both humans and mice, but the cellular source in humans has remained undefined. Here we identify AIRE expression in human tonsils and extensively analyzed these "extra-thymic AIRE expressing cells" (eTACs) using combinations of flow cytometry, CyTOF and single cell RNA-sequencing. We identified AIRE+ cells as dendritic cells (DCs) with a mature and migratory phenotype including high levels of antigen presenting molecules and costimulatory molecules, and specific expression of CD127, CCR7, and PDL1. These cells also possessed the ability to stimulate and re-stimulate T cells and displayed reduced responses to toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists compared to conventional DCs. While expression of AIRE was enriched within CCR7+CD127+ DCs, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed expression of AIRE to be transient, rather than stable, and associated with the differentiation to a mature phenotype. The role of AIRE in central tolerance induction within the thymus is well-established, however our study shows that AIRE expression within the periphery is not associated with an enriched expression of tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs). This unexpected finding, suggestive of wider functions of AIRE, may provide an explanation for the non-autoimmune symptoms of APECED patients who lack functional AIRE.JF and HS were funded by project ERC-2013-ADG number 341038. MB was funded by EMBO ALTF 786-2013. BH was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Veni program (91618032). LH, JpvH, and ST were supported by a grant from the Dutch Arthritis Foundation (2013_2_37). MM was supported by Wellcome Trust (grant105045/Z/14/Z). JM was supported by core funding from the European Molecular Biology Laboratory and from Cancer Research UK (award number 17197)
Maturing Human CD127+ CCR7+ PDL1+ Dendritic Cells Express AIRE in the Absence of Tissue Restricted Antigens
Expression of the Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) outside of the thymus has long been suggested in both humans and mice, but the cellular source in humans has remained undefined. Here we identify AIRE expression in human tonsils and extensively analyzed these “extra-thymic AIRE expressing cells” (eTACs) using combinations of flow cytometry, CyTOF and single cell RNA-sequencing. We identified AIRE+ cells as dendritic cells (DCs) with a mature and migratory phenotype including high levels of antigen presenting molecules and costimulatory molecules, and specific expression of CD127, CCR7, and PDL1. These cells also possessed the ability to stimulate and re-stimulate T cells and displayed reduced responses to toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists compared to conventional DCs. While expression of AIRE was enriched within CCR7+CD127+ DCs, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed expression of AIRE to be transient, rather than stable, and associated with the differentiation to a mature phenotype. The role of AIRE in central tolerance induction within the thymus is well-established, however our study shows that AIRE expression within the periphery is not associated with an enriched expression of tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs). This unexpected finding, suggestive of wider functions of AIRE, may provide an explanation for the non-autoimmune symptoms of APECED patients who lack functional AIRE
Transitional Phase or a New Balance? Working and Caring by Mothers With Young Children in the Netherlands
In recent years in the Netherlands, mothers’ labor participation has increased
sharply. This article examines which factors influence mothers’ employment
rates and the division of household and caring responsibilities between parents.
From research among 1,285 women with young children, it appears that
cultural factors rather than economic motives or institutional obstacles offer
the most important explanation for whether they work or not. A culture of care
dominates more amongwomen with lower than higher education levels, which
clarifies the more limited labor participation of lower educated mothers. A
comparison is also drawnbetween the various earner types of family. It appears
that the one-and-a-half earner type of family with the man working full-time
and the woman part-time is particularly popular among women with lesser
education levels. However, for women with higher educations, the ideal is for
both parents to work part-time, but for the time being, they have not yet been
able to realize this.
Parental bond and life course transitions from adolescence to young adulthood
In this study the effects of life course transitions in adolescence and young
adulthood (leaving the parental home, living together with a partner,entering
parenthood, and becoming financially independent) on the parent-child bond
are investigated. Data are presented from a three-wave study of 1,064 adolescents
and young adults (aged 12-24 years at Wave 1) over a six-year period.
As the youth in this study proceeded through the life course, they tended to
report a closer parental bond. However, this age-related effect was counterbalanced
by a tendency toward a weakened bond with parents following departure
from the parental home. Results are in line with individuation theory, which
contends that parent-child relationships become less close as a result of transitions
leading to more autonomy.