To Further Understating of Environmental, Social and Cultural Sustainability Issues and Chinese Government's Role in the

Abstract Chinese government recently years, has realized the pillar position and potential market power of Tibet's tourism industry. In order to attract more direct foreign investment and tourists, Chinese government has made great efforts on the initial stage of constructing Tibet's tourism infrastructure facilities and developing Tibet's tourism market. During the recent developing process, due to lacking of experience, Chinese government has to face to various issues. The whole research set out to get a further understating of environmental, social and cultural sustainability issues and Chinese government role in the tourism development in Tibet from three main themes: the role of Chinese government in developing Tibet's tourism industry; the tour group management issues and the loss of cultural and social authenticities. The research was achieved on the base of an in-depth literature review and applied qualitative research method: in-depth interview. The research has found Chinese government was playing an active role in developing, not only on the construction of tourism infrastructures, also on promoting Tibet's tourism image. Furthermore, during the researching process, the researcher also found the current developing Tibet attracted more tourists than before, however, increasing number of visitors released more tourism issues such as sustainability, service quality, loss of culture etc. At the end of the research, some recommendations were provided for Tibet's future improvements

To Further Understating of Environmental, Social and Cultural Sustainability Issues and Chinese Governments Role in the Tourism Development in Tibet

Abstract Chinese government recently years, has realized the pillar position and potential market power of Tibets tourism industry. In order to attract more direct foreign investment and tourists, Chinese government has made great efforts on the initial stage of constructing Tibets tourism infrastructure facilities and developing Tibets tourism market. During the recent developing process, due to lacking of experience, Chinese government has to face to various issues. The whole research set out to get a further understating of environmental, social and cultural sustainability issues and Chinese government role in the tourism development in Tibet from three main themes: the role of Chinese government in developing Tibets tourism industry; the tour group management issues and the loss of cultural and social authenticities. The research was achieved on the base of an in-depth literature review and applied qualitative research method: in-depth interview. The research has found Chinese government was playing an active role in developing, not only on the construction of tourism infrastructures, also on promoting Tibets tourism image. Furthermore, during the researching process, the researcher also found the current developing Tibet attracted more tourists than before, however, increasing number of visitors released more tourism issues such as sustainability, service quality, loss of culture etc. At the end of the research, some recommendations were provided for Tibets future improvements

Photosynthetic and physiological responses of 9 camellia cultivars to high temperature stress and comprehensive evaluation of heat tolerance

Abstract [Objective] The heat tolerance of Camellia attracts more attention due to its rich flower types and colors and long flowering period. Suitable evaluation methods and indexes can provide bases for the heat-tolerance identification, the discovery of heat-tolerance germplasm, and the breeding of new cultivars of Camellia. [Methods] C. uraku and ‘Wirlinga Cascade’ were used as reference materials, and 7 new cultivars of cluster-flowering camellia were selected as test materials. They were cut in vase. After shortterm (5 h) or long-term (7 d) high-temperature (42 ℃/35 ℃) treatment, changes of morphological and photosynthetic indexes were investigated and heat tolerance was evaluated comprehensively. [Results] (1) The contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid, and chlorophyll a/b, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and stomatal conductance (Gs) of ‘Chuizhi Fenyu’ and ‘Wirlinga Cascade’ were increased. Their maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm ), potential activity of PSⅡ (Fv/Fo), and electron transport rate (ETR) were remained at a high level. Additionally, they did not show signs of heat damage after 7 days of high temperatures. Pn and Gs of ‘Jinye Fenyu’, ‘Shangzhi Huazhang’, and ‘Meigui Chun’ were decreased significantly under high temperature stress, while intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was increased. Among them, the Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, and ETR of ‘Jinye Fenyu’ and ‘Shangzhi Huazhang’ were significantly reduced. After 7 days of long-term high temperature stress, these 3 cultivars showed severe heat damage or became dead. (2) 15 individual indicators were converted into 4 independent comprehensive indicators with cumulative contribution rate of 90% through principal component analysis. The comprehensive weight values of chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, and xanthophyll content were higher at 5 h under high temperature stress, and the comprehensive weight values of chlorophyll a/b, Fv/Fm, photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) were higher at 7 d under high temperature stress. [Conclusion] According to the comprehensive evaluation value D , ‘Chuizhi Fenyu’ is a heat-tolerance cultivar, ‘Shangzhi Yueguangqu’, ‘Shangzhi Huanlesong’, and ‘Sweet Gem’ are moderate tolerance, and ‘Meigui Chun’, ‘Shangzhi Huazhang’, and ‘Jinye Fenyu’ are the weakest among the new cultivars of cluster-flowering camellia. Chlorophyll, carotenoid, and xanthophyll contents can be used as the key indicators to analyze the short-term high temperature stress, while chlorophyll a/b, Fv/Fm, qP, and qN can be used as the key indicators to analyze the long-term high temperature stress of Camellia

Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing protein 4 (Asb-4) colocalizes with insulin receptor substrate 4 (IRS4) in the hypothalamic neurons and mediates IRS4 degradation

Abstract Background The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus regulates food intake. Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing protein 4 (Asb-4) is expressed in neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus, target neurons in the regulation of food intake and metabolism by insulin and leptin. However, the target protein(s) of Asb-4 in these neurons remains unknown. Insulin receptor substrate 4 (IRS4) is an adaptor molecule involved in the signal transduction by both insulin and leptin. In the present study we examined the colocalization and interaction of Asb-4 with IRS4 and the involvement of Asb-4 in insulin signaling. Results In situ hybridization showed that the expression pattern of Asb-4 was consistent with that of IRS4 in the rat brain. Double in situ hybridization showed that IRS4 colocalized with Asb-4, and both Asb-4 and IRS4 mRNA were expressed in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons within the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. In HEK293 cells co-transfected with Myc-tagged Asb-4 and Flag-tagged IRS4, Asb-4 co-immunoprecipitated with IRS4; In these cells endogenous IRS4 also co-immunoprecipitated with transfected Myc-Asb-4; Furthermore, Asb-4 co-immunoprecipitated with IRS4 in rat hypothalamic extracts. In HEK293 cells over expression of Asb-4 decreased IRS4 protein levels and deletion of the SOCS box abolished this effect. Asb-4 increased the ubiquitination of IRS4; Deletion of SOCS box abolished this effect. Expression of Asb-4 decreased both basal and insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of AKT at Thr308. Conclusions These data demonstrated that Asb-4 co-localizes and interacts with IRS4 in hypothalamic neurons. The interaction of Asb-4 with IRS4 in cell lines mediates the degradation of IRS4 and decreases insulin signaling

Atomic-layered Au clusters on α-MoC as catalysts for the low-temperature water-gas shift reaction

The water-gas shift (WGS) reaction (where carbon monoxide plus water yields dihydrogen and carbon dioxide) is an essential process for hydrogen generation and carbon monoxide removal in various energy-related chemical operations. This equilibrium-limited reaction is favored at a low working temperature. Potential application in fuel cells also requires a WGS catalyst to be highly active, stable, and energy-efficient and to match the working temperature of on-site hydrogen generation and consumption units. We synthesized layered gold (Au) clusters on a molybdenum carbide (α-MoC) substrate to create an interfacial catalyst system for the ultralow-temperature WGS reaction. Water was activated over α-MoC at 303 kelvin, whereas carbon monoxide adsorbed on adjacent Au sites was apt to react with surface hydroxyl groups formed from water splitting, leading to a high WGS activity at low temperatures

To Further Understating of Environmental, Social and Cultural Sustainability Issues and Chinese Governments Role in the Tourism Development in Tibet

Abstract Chinese government recently years, has realized the pillar position and potential market power of Tibets tourism industry. In order to attract more direct foreign investment and tourists, Chinese government has made great efforts on the initial stage of constructing Tibets tourism infrastructure facilities and developing Tibets tourism market. During the recent developing process, due to lacking of experience, Chinese government has to face to various issues. The whole research set out to get a further understating of environmental, social and cultural sustainability issues and Chinese government role in the tourism development in Tibet from three main themes: the role of Chinese government in developing Tibets tourism industry; the tour group management issues and the loss of cultural and social authenticities. The research was achieved on the base of an in-depth literature review and applied qualitative research method: in-depth interview. The research has found Chinese government was playing an active role in developing, not only on the construction of tourism infrastructures, also on promoting Tibets tourism image. Furthermore, during the researching process, the researcher also found the current developing Tibet attracted more tourists than before, however, increasing number of visitors released more tourism issues such as sustainability, service quality, loss of culture etc. At the end of the research, some recommendations were provided for Tibets future improvements