397 research outputs found
Utilization of prostate brachytherapy for low risk prostate cancer: Is the decline overstated?
Transverse Sizes of CIV Absorption Systems Measured from Multiple QSO Sightlines
We present tomography of the circum-galactic metal distribution at redshift
1.7 to 4.5 derived from echellete spectroscopy of binary quasars. We find CIV
systems at similar redshifts in paired sightlines more often than expected for
sightline-independent redshifts. As the separation of the sightlines increases
from 36 kpc to 907 kpc, the amplitude of this clustering decreases. At the
largest separations, the CIV systems cluster similar to Lyman-break galaxies
(Adelberger et al. 2005a). The CIV systems are significantly less correlated
than these galaxies, however, at separations less than R_1 ~ 0.42 +/- 0.15 h-1
comoving Mpc. Measured in real space, i.e., transverse to the sightlines, this
length scale is significantly smaller than the break scale estimated from the
line-of-sight correlation function in redshift space (Scannapieco et al.
2006a). Using a simple model, we interpret the new real-space measurement as an
indication of the typical physical size of enriched regions. We adopt this size
for enriched regions and fit the redshift-space distortion in the line-of-sight
correlation function. The fitted velocity kick is consistent with the peculiar
velocity of galaxies as determined by the underlying mass distribution and
places an upper limit on the outflow (or inflow) speed of metals. The implied
time scale for dispersing metals is larger than the typical stellar ages of
Lyman-break galaxies (Shapley et al. 2001), and we argue that enrichment by
galaxies at z > 4.3 played a greater role in dispersing metals. To further
constrain the growth of enriched regions, we discuss empirical constraints on
the evolution of the CIV correlation function with cosmic time. This study
demonstrates the potential of tomography for measuring the metal enrichment
history of the circum-galactic medium.Comment: 22 pages, 15 figures, 1 tabl
A Reconfigurable Quantum Local Area Network Over Deployed Fiber
Practical quantum networking architectures are crucial for scaling the
connection of quantum resources. Yet quantum network testbeds have thus far
underutilized the full capabilities of modern lightwave communications, such as
flexible-grid bandwidth allocation. In this work, we implement flex-grid
entanglement distribution in a deployed network for the first time, connecting
nodes in three distinct campus buildings time-synchronized via the Global
Positioning System (GPS). We quantify the quality of the distributed
polarization entanglement via log-negativity, which offers a generic metric of
link performance in entangled bits per second. After demonstrating successful
entanglement distribution for two allocations of our eight dynamically
reconfigurable channels, we demonstrate remote state preparation -- the first
realization on deployed fiber -- showcasing one possible quantum protocol
enabled by the distributed entanglement network. Our results realize an
advanced paradigm for managing entanglement resources in quantum networks of
ever-increasing complexity and service demands
Induction of Inflammation by West Nile virus Capsid through the Caspase-9 Apoptotic Pathway
West Nile virus (WNV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family of vector-borne pathogens. Clinical signs of WNV infection include neurologic symptoms, limb weakness, and encephalitis, which can result in paralysis or death. We report that the WNV-capsid (Cp) by itself induces rapid nuclear condensation and cell death in tissue culture. Apoptosis is induced through the mitochondrial pathway resulting in caspase-9 activation and downstream caspase-3 activation. Capsid gene delivery into the striatum of mouse brain or interskeletal muscle resulted in cell death and inflammation, likely through capsid-induced apoptosis in vivo. These studies demonstrate that the capsid protein of WNV may be responsible for aspects of viral pathogenesis through induction of the apoptotic cascade
Mortality gap for people with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: UK-based cohort study 2000–2014
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