Dissolving microneedles developed in association with nanosystems : a scoping review on the quality parameters of these emerging systems for drug or protein transdermal delivery

The largest organ of the body provides the main challenge for the transdermal delivery of lipophilic or high molecular weight drugs. To cross the main barrier of the skin, the stratum corneum, many techniques have been developed and improved. In the last 20 years, the association of microneedles with nanostructured systems has gained prominence for its versatility and for enabling targeted drug delivery. Currently, the combination of these mechanisms is pointed to as an emerging technology; however, some gaps need to be answered to transcend the development of these devices from the laboratory scale to the pharmaceutical market. It is known that the lack of regulatory guidelines for quality control is a hindrance to market conquest. In this context, this study undertakes a scoping review of original papers concerning methods applied to evaluate both the quality and drug/protein delivery of dissolving and hydrogel-forming microneedles developed in association with nanostructured systems

Improved skin delivery and validation of novel stability-indicating HPLC method for ketoprofen nanoemulsion

Abstract Ketoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases. Normally used by oral route, this drug presents numerous side effects related to this administration route, such as nausea, dyspepsia, diarrhea, constipation and even renal complications. To avoid that, topical administration of ketoprofen represents a good alternative, since this drug has both partition coefficient and aqueous solubility suitable for skin application, compared to other NSAIDs. In this study, we describe the production of a nanoemulsion containing ketoprofen, its skin permeation and in vitro release study and a novel validation method to analyze this drug in the permeation samples and a forced degradation study using skin and nanoemulsion samples. The new HPLC method was validated, with all specifications in accordance with validation parameters and with an easy chromatographic condition. Forced degradation study revealed that ketoprofen is sensitive to acid and basic hydrolysis, developing degradation peaks after exposure to these factors. Concerning in vitro release from the nanoemulsion, release curves presented first order profile and were not similar to each other. After 8 h, 85% of ketoprofen was release from the nanoemulsion matrix while 49% was release from control group. In skin permeation study, nanoemulsion enabled ketoprofen to pass through the skin and enhanced retention in the epidermis and stratum corneum, layer on which the formulation presented statistically different values compared to the control group

A SOCIEDADE XAVANTE E A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES INDÍGENAS EM PROL DE SUAS INDIGÊNCIAS EDUCACIONAIS

This brief study was developed in order to open a brief discussion about the training of indigenous teachers who are part of the Xavante society, in view of their educational indigences and the individuals of this community, who leave the villages in search of training in schools located in Mato Grosso, Brazil. It will be mentioned, the course of Letters, offered by the Federal University of Mato Grosso, which, in the opinion of the authors of this study, does not offer a training that contemplates the indigences of such public, however, it is known that the problem does not touch the course itself, or even the University, but rather, the lack of will of the Government for this issue. Thus, through this study and a bibliographic research, it was understood that education aimed at the public of indigenous peoples was guided, throughout the history of Brazil, by meanings that involve the subjugation of cultural dissimilarities, thus imposing "civilization". Thus, it is understood that, in addition to the indigenous who need to understand the language spoken in the urban educational space, seeking both to interact with their peers and also to evolve in studies, it is necessary that future indigenous teachers have some standard of preparation to receive their students in the classroom, so that the pattern of experiences experienced by indigenous people is valued.Este breve estudio fue desarrollado con el fin de abrir una breve discusión sobre la formación de maestros indígenas que forman parte de la sociedad Xavante, en vista de sus indigences educativos y los individuos de esta comunidad, que abandonan las aldeas en busca de capacitación en escuelas ubicadas en Mato Grosso, Brasil. Se mencionará, el curso de Letras, ofrecido por la Universidad Federal de Mato Grosso, que, en opinión de los autores de este estudio, no ofrece una formación que contemple las indigences de tal público, sin embargo, se sabe que el problema no toca el curso en sí, ni siquiera la Universidad, sino más bien, la falta de voluntad del Gobierno para este tema. Sin embargo, a través de los movimientos sociales que comenzaron en los años 70, así como a través de la Carta Magna, fechada en 1988, los derechos indígenas comenzaron a ser garantizados por ley. Así, se entiende que, además de los indígenas que necesitan entender la lengua hablada en el espacio educativo urbano, buscando tanto interactuar con sus pares como evolucionar en los estudios, es necesario que los futuros maestros indígenas tengan algún estándar de preparación para recibir a sus estudiantes en el aula, de modo que se valore el patrón de experiencias vividas por los pueblos indígenas.Este breve estudo foi desenvolvido com o intuito de abrir uma breve discussão acerca da formação de professores indígenas que fazem parte da sociedade Xavante, tendo em vista as suas indigências Educacionais e os indivíduos desta comunidade, os quais deixam as aldeias a procura de formação em escolas situadas em Mato Grosso, Brasil. Citar-se-á, o curso de Letras, ofertado pela Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, o qual, na opinião dos autores deste estudo, não oferta uma formação  que contemple as indigências de tal público, contudo, sabe-se que o problema não se encosta no próprio curso, ou mesmo na Universidade, mas sim, na carência de vontade do Governo para com esta questão. Assim, por meio deste estudo e de uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico, compreendeu-se que a Educação voltada para o público dos povos  indígenas foi pautada, no decorrer da história do Brasil, por acepções que envolvem o subjugar as dessemelhanças culturais, impondo-se, com isso, a “civilização”. Entretanto, por meio dos movimentos sociais principiados na década de 70, como também por meio da Carta Magna, datada de 1988, os direitos indígenas passaram a ser afiançados por lei. Desta forma, entende-se que, para além do indígena que necessita compreender a língua falada no espaço educacional urbano, buscando tanto interagir com seus pares como também evoluir nos estudos, necessecita-se que os futuros professores indígenas tenham algum padrão de preparo para receber seus alunos em sala de aula, de maneira que se valorize o padrão de experiências  vivenciada pelos indígenas.  Este breve estudo foi desenvolvido com o intuito de abrir uma breve discussão acerca da formação de professores indígenas que fazem parte da sociedade Xavante, tendo em vista as suas indigências Educacionais e os indivíduos desta comunidade, os quais deixam as aldeias a procura de formação em escolas situadas em Mato Grosso, Brasil. Citar-se-á, o curso de Letras, ofertado pela Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, o qual, na opinião dos autores deste estudo, não oferta uma formação  que contemple as indigências de tal público, contudo, sabe-se que o problema não se encosta no próprio curso, ou mesmo na Universidade, mas sim, na carência de vontade do Governo para com esta questão. Assim, por meio deste estudo e de uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico, compreendeu-se que a Educação voltada para o público dos povos  indígenas foi pautada, no decorrer da história do Brasil, por acepções que envolvem o subjugar as dessemelhanças culturais, impondo-se, com isso, a “civilização”. Entretanto, por meio dos movimentos sociais principiados na década de 70, como também por meio da Carta Magna, datada de 1988, os direitos indígenas passaram a ser afiançados por lei. Desta forma, entende-se que, para além do indígena que necessita compreender a língua falada no espaço educacional urbano, buscando tanto interagir com seus pares como também evoluir nos estudos, necessecita-se que os futuros professores indígenas tenham algum padrão de preparo para receber seus alunos em sala de aula, de maneira que se valorize o padrão de experiências  vivenciada pelos indígenas

Correlation between the skin permeation profile of the synthetic sesquiterpene compounds, beta-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide, and the antiedematogenic activity by topical application of nanoemulgels

Sesquiterpene compounds are applied as permeation promoters in topical formulations. However, studies exploring their impact on nanostructured systems, changes in permeation profile, and consequently, its biological activity are restricted. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the skin permeation of the major sesquiterpenes, beta-caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide from the oleoresin of Copaifera multijuga, after delivery into topical nanoemulgels, and the in vivo antiedematogenic activity. First, ten nanoemulgels were prepared and characterized, and their in vitro permeation profile and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated. In equivalent concentrations, -caryophyllene permeation was greater from oleoresin nanoemulgels, resulting in greater in vivo antiedematogenic activity. However, an inverse relationship was observed for caryophyllene oxide, which showed its favored permeation and better in vivo anti-inflammatory effect carried as an isolated compound in the nanoemulgels. These results suggest that the presence of similar compounds may interfere with the permeation profile when comparing the profiles of the compounds alone or when presented in oleoresin. Furthermore, the correlation results between the permeation profile and in vivo antiedematogenic activity corroborate the establishment of betacaryophyllene as an essential compound for this pharmacological activity of C. multijuga oleoresin

Using C. elegans to decipher the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders

Prova tipográfica (uncorrected proof)Neurodevelopmental disorders such as epilepsy, intellectual disability (ID), and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) occur in over 2 % of the population, as the result of genetic mutations, environmental factors, or combination of both. In the last years, use of large-scale genomic techniques allowed important advances in the identification of genes/loci associated with these disorders. Nevertheless, following association of novel genes with a given disease, interpretation of findings is often difficult due to lack of information on gene function and effect of a given mutation in the corresponding protein. This brings the need to validate genetic associations from a functional perspective in model systems in a relatively fast but effective manner. In this context, the small nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, presents a good compromise between the simplicity of cell models and the complexity of rodent nervous systems. In this article, we review the features that make C. elegans a good model for the study of neurodevelopmental diseases. We discuss its nervous system architecture and function as well as the molecular basis of behaviors that seem important in the context of different neurodevelopmental disorders. We review methodologies used to assess memory, learning, and social behavior as well as susceptibility to seizures in this organism. We will also discuss technological progresses applied in C. elegans neurobiology research, such as use of microfluidics and optogenetic tools. Finally, we will present some interesting examples of the functional analysis of genes associated with human neurodevelopmental disorders and how we can move from genes to therapies using this simple model organism.The authors would like to acknowledge Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) (PTDC/SAU-GMG/112577/2009). AJR and CB are recipients of FCT fellowships: SFRH/BPD/33611/2009 and SFRH/BPD/74452/2010, respectively

Correlation between the Skin Permeation Profile of the Synthetic Sesquiterpene Compounds, Beta-Caryophyllene and Caryophyllene Oxide, and the Antiedematogenic Activity by Topical Application of Nanoemulgels

Sesquiterpene compounds are applied as permeation promoters in topical formulations. However, studies exploring their impact on nanostructured systems, changes in permeation profile, and consequently, its biological activity are restricted. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the skin permeation of the major sesquiterpenes, beta-caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide from the oleoresin of Copaifera multijuga, after delivery into topical nanoemulgels, and the in vivo antiedematogenic activity. First, ten nanoemulgels were prepared and characterized, and their in vitro permeation profile and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated. In equivalent concentrations, β-caryophyllene permeation was greater from oleoresin nanoemulgels, resulting in greater in vivo antiedematogenic activity. However, an inverse relationship was observed for caryophyllene oxide, which showed its favored permeation and better in vivo anti-inflammatory effect carried as an isolated compound in the nanoemulgels. These results suggest that the presence of similar compounds may interfere with the permeation profile when comparing the profiles of the compounds alone or when presented in oleoresin. Furthermore, the correlation results between the permeation profile and in vivo antiedematogenic activity corroborate the establishment of beta-caryophyllene as an essential compound for this pharmacological activity of C. multijuga oleoresin

SABÃO LÍQUIDO A PARTIR DO RESÍDUO DE ÓLEO COMESTÍVEL EM PARCERIA COM A COOPERATIVA MUNDO MAIS LIMPO

UNIVERSIDADE DO VALE DO RIO DOS SINO

SABÃO LÍQUIDO A PARTIR DO RESÍDUO DE ÓLEO COMESTÍVEL EM PARCERIA COM A COOPERATIVA MUNDO MAIS LIMPO

UNIVERSIDADE DO VALE DO RIO DOS SINO

Dissolving Microneedles Developed in Association with Nanosystems: A Scoping Review on the Quality Parameters of These Emerging Systems for Drug or Protein Transdermal Delivery

The largest organ of the body provides the main challenge for the transdermal delivery of lipophilic or high molecular weight drugs. To cross the main barrier of the skin, the stratum corneum, many techniques have been developed and improved. In the last 20 years, the association of microneedles with nanostructured systems has gained prominence for its versatility and for enabling targeted drug delivery. Currently, the combination of these mechanisms is pointed to as an emerging technology; however, some gaps need to be answered to transcend the development of these devices from the laboratory scale to the pharmaceutical market. It is known that the lack of regulatory guidelines for quality control is a hindrance to market conquest. In this context, this study undertakes a scoping review of original papers concerning methods applied to evaluate both the quality and drug/protein delivery of dissolving and hydrogel-forming microneedles developed in association with nanostructured systems

Improved skin delivery and validation of novel stability-indicating HPLC method for ketoprofen nanoemulsion

Abstract Ketoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases. Normally used by oral route, this drug presents numerous side effects related to this administration route, such as nausea, dyspepsia, diarrhea, constipation and even renal complications. To avoid that, topical administration of ketoprofen represents a good alternative, since this drug has both partition coefficient and aqueous solubility suitable for skin application, compared to other NSAIDs. In this study, we describe the production of a nanoemulsion containing ketoprofen, its skin permeation and in vitro release study and a novel validation method to analyze this drug in the permeation samples and a forced degradation study using skin and nanoemulsion samples. The new HPLC method was validated, with all specifications in accordance with validation parameters and with an easy chromatographic condition. Forced degradation study revealed that ketoprofen is sensitive to acid and basic hydrolysis, developing degradation peaks after exposure to these factors. Concerning in vitro release from the nanoemulsion, release curves presented first order profile and were not similar to each other. After 8 h, 85% of ketoprofen was release from the nanoemulsion matrix while 49% was release from control group. In skin permeation study, nanoemulsion enabled ketoprofen to pass through the skin and enhanced retention in the epidermis and stratum corneum, layer on which the formulation presented statistically different values compared to the control group