Forced Medical Treatment of Pregnant Women: Compelling Each to Live as Seems Good to the Rest

This Article addresses the question of when, if ever, it is ethically and legally permissible to compel a competent, pregnant woman to undergo medical treatment for the sake of her fetus. The Article begins with a discussion of the various clinical situations in which maternal-fetal conflict may arise and the perceptions of clinicians faced with a maternal refusal of treatment. It then explores the ethical questions raised if a physician were to compel a pregnant woman to undergo treatment for the benefit of her fetus. This discussion is followed by an investigation of the legal status of the fetus and the legal interests of the pregnant woman. The Article concludes that pregnant women should not be legally compelled by judges, doctors, or society to accept medical treatment against their wishes

Museums and the ‘new museology’ : theory, practice and organisational change

The widening of roles and expectations within cultural policy discourses has been a challenge to museum workers throughout Great Britain. There has been an expectation that museums are changing from an ‘old’ to a ‘new museology’ that has shaped museum functions and roles. This paper outlines the limitations of this perceived transition as museum services confront multiple exogenous and endogenous expectations, opportunities, pressures and threats. Findings from 23 publically funded museum services across England, Scotland and Wales are presented to explore the roles of professional and hierarchical differentiation, and how there were organisational and managerial limitations to the practical application of the ‘new museology’. The ambiguity surrounding policy, roles and practice also highlighted that museum workers were key agents in interpreting, using and understanding wide-ranging policy expectations. The practical implementation of the ‘new museology’ is linked to the values held by museum workers themselves and how they relate it to their activities at the ground level

Role of genetic testing for inherited prostate cancer risk: Philadelphia prostate cancer consensus conference 2017

Purpose: Guidelines are limited for genetic testing for prostate cancer (PCA). The goal of this conference was to develop an expert consensus-dri

Chuar Group of the Grand Canyon: Record of Breakup of Rodinia, Associated Change in the Global Carbon Cycle, and Ecosystem Expansion by 740 Ma

The Chuar Group (similar to 1.600 m thick) preserves a record of extensional tectonism, ocean-chemistry fluctuations, and biological diversification during the late Neoproterozoic Era. An ash layer from the top of the section has a U-Pb zircon age of 742 +/- 6 Ma. The Chuar Group was deposited at low latitudes during extension on the north-trending Butte fault system and is inferred to record rifting during the breakup of Rodinia. Shallow-marine deposition is documented by tide- and wave-generated sedimentary structures, facies associations, and fossils. C isotopes in organic carbon show large stratigraphic variations, apparently recording incipient stages of the marked C isotopic fluctuations that characterize later Neoproterozoic time. Upper Chuar rocks preserve a rich biota that includes not only cyanobacteria and algae, but also heterotrophic protists that document increased food web complexity in Neoproterozoic ecosystems, The Chuar Group thus provides a well-dated, high-resolution record of early events in the sequence of linked tectonic, biogeochemical, environmental and biological changes that collectively ushered in the Phanerozoic Eon.Organismic and Evolutionary Biolog