d’ and c for Experiment 1.

<p>Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.</p

d’ and c for average hit rate and FA in Experiment 1, error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.

<p>d’ and c for average hit rate and FA in Experiment 1, error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.</p

Average hit and false-alarm rates for Experiment 2.

<p>Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.</p

Sample stimulus of a target trial (T, left) and a distractor trial (L, right) from Experiment 1.

<p>Sample stimulus of a target trial (T, left) and a distractor trial (L, right) from Experiment 1.</p

Average hit and false-alarm rates for Experiment 1.

<p>Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.</p

Perceptual training to improve hip fracture identification in conventional radiographs

<div><p>Diagnosing certain fractures in conventional radiographs can be a difficult task, usually taking years to master. Typically, students are trained ad-hoc, in a primarily-rule based fashion. Our study investigated whether students can more rapidly learn to diagnose proximal neck of femur fractures via perceptual training, without having to learn an explicit set of rules. One hundred and thirty-nine students with no prior medical or radiology training were shown a sequence of plain film X-ray images of the right hip and for each image were asked to indicate whether a fracture was present. Students were told if they were correct and the location of any fracture, if present. No other feedback was given. The more able students achieved the same level of accuracy as board certified radiologists at identifying hip fractures in less than an hour of training. Surprisingly, perceptual learning was reduced when the training set was constructed to over-represent the types of images participants found more difficult to categorise. Conversely, repeating training images did not reduce post-training performance relative to showing an equivalent number of unique images. Perceptual training is an effective way of helping novices learn to identify hip fractures in X-ray images and should supplement the current education programme for students.</p></div

The number of participants in Experiments 1–6.

<p>The number of participants in Experiments 1–6.</p

Le Courrier

17 mai 18251825/05/17 (A0,N137)

Examples of images shown to participants.

<p><b>(a)</b> An example of the image initially shown to a participant. The image is of the right hip and pelvic region of a 76-year-old female. A fracture is visible. <b>(b)</b> An example of the feedback the participant would receive if the participant were, in this case, to incorrectly state that there was no fracture.</p

Molybdenum Disulfide–Black Phosphorus Hybrid Nanosheets as a Superior Catalyst for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution

Engineering electronic properties is a promising way to design nonprecious-metal or earth-abundant catalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we deposited catalytically active MoS₂ flakes onto black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets to construct the MoS₂–BP interfaces. In this case, electrons flew from BP to MoS₂ in MoS₂–BP nanosheets because of the higher Fermi level of BP than that of MoS₂. MoS₂–BP nanosheets exhibited remarkable HER performance with an overpotential of 85 mV at 10 mA cm^–2. Due to the electron donation from BP to MoS₂, the exchange current density of MoS₂–BP reached 0.66 mA cm^–2, which was 22 times higher than that of MoS₂. In addition, both the consecutive cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic tests revealed the outstanding electrocatalytic stability of MoS₂–BP nanosheets. Our finding not only provides a superior HER catalyst, but also presents a straightforward strategy to design hybrid electrocatalysts