Virtually balanced incomplete block designs.

Virtually balanced incomplete block designs

Probing the Sensory Property of Perylenediimide Derivatives in Hydrazine Gas: Core-Substituted Aromatic Group Effect

In this contribution, four perylenediimide derivatives (PTCDIs) with different core-substituted aromatic groups were prepared. Studies on their sensing properties in hydrazine vapor (10 ppm)  suggested ∼5 orders of the magnitude in increased current for core-phenyl-substituted DEY was achieved and this value is 9, 9, and 24 times higher than that of core-pyridyl-substituted DSPY, DFPY, and DTPY, respectively. The differential response to the hydrazine vapor is less dependent on their surface area and morphologies. The lower LUMO energy and activation energy with smaller interplanar spacing allows DEY highly efficient sensing performance. A similar face–face packing mode and LUMO energy of DSPY and DFPY lead to both of them exhibiting the same sensing performance, while higher LUMO energy and head-to-tail packing modes with a greater interplanar spacing induce the less-efficient sensing performance of DTPY sensors. Discussions for structure–function relationships suggested that aromatic groups in the bay region have significant impact on PTCDI sensing performance by modulating energy level, interplanar spacing, and stacking modes

Basic information of participants in different risk groups studied in 2008.

<p>Smoking information and sex are expressed as <i>n</i> (%) and are tested by the Chi-square method; other parameters are expressed as <i>χ</i>±<i>s</i> and are tested by ANOVA. a: Compared with low risk group, <i>P</i><0.05; b: compared with moderate risk group, <i>P</i><0.05. BMI: body mass index; BSA: body surface area; WHR: waist-to-hip ratio; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Scr: serum creatinine; UA: blood uric acid; FBG: fasting blood glucose. FRS: Framingham global CVD risk scores; eGFR_CKD-EPI: estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation; eGFR_CKD-EPI-ASIA: estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by Modified CKD-EPI equation for Asians.</p

The relationship between FRS and eGFR evaluated in 2008 and in 2011.

<p>The relationship between FRS and eGFR was tested by the Pearson correlation coefficient method.</p>*<p><i>P</i><0.01;</p>#<p><i>P</i><0.05.</p><p>eGFR_CKD-EPI: estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation; eGFR_CKD-EPI-ASIA: estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by Modified CKD-EPI equation for Asians.</p

Association between the Epidermal Growth Factor +61G/A Polymorphism and Glioma Risk: A Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Gliomas account for almost 80% of primary malignant brain tumors. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an interesting research candidate in which to look for genetic polymorphisms because of its role in mitogenesis and proliferation. Extensive studies have found that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) +61G/A (rs4444903) in the EGF gene is associated with the susceptibility of glioma, however, the results have been controversial. Furthermore, the association between EGF +61G/A polymorphism with the development and grade progress of glioma has not been established.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We examined the association of EGF +61G/A polymorphism and glioma by performing a meta-analysis. Nine studies testing the associations between EGF +61G/A polymorphism and risk of glioma with 1758 cases and 2823 controls were retrieved. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association. The pooled ORs were performed for the allele model, codominant model, dominant model, and recessive model, respectively.</p><p>Results</p><p>Overall, this meta-analysis showed significant associations between the EGF +61G/A polymorphism and glioma susceptibility in all four genetic models. However, in the stratified analysis by the grade of glioma, we only found this association existed in patients with Grade IV glioblastoma, but not in patients with Grade I-III glioma. We further compared EGF +61G/A polymorphism in patients with glioblastoma and Grade I-III glioma accordingly, the stronger association between the EGF +61G/A polymorphism and the malignancy of glioma was found.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The results of this meta-analysis suggested that the EGF +61G/A polymorphism is associated with both the susceptibility of glioma and the malignance of glioma.</p></div

The relationship between FRS and eGFR evaluated in 2008 and in 2011 of new groups.

<p>The relationship between FRS and eGFR was tested by the Pearson correlation coefficient method.</p>*<p><i>P</i><0.01;</p>#<p><i>P</i><0.05.</p><p>eGFR_CKD-EPI: estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation; eGFR_CKD-EPI-ASIA: estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by Modified CKD-EPI equation for Asians.</p

The relationship between FRS and eGFR_CKD-EPI in all participants.

<p>X-axis represents eGFR_CKD-EPI (estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by CKD-EPI equation); Y-axis represents FRS (Framingham global CVD risk score); r1 and r2 represents the Pearson correlation coefficient between FRS and eGFR_CKD-EPI calculated in 2008 and in 2011; P1 and P2 represents <i>P</i> value of 2008 and 2011; thin straight line and thin dotted lines represent the regression line and its 95% confidence interval of 2008; bold straight line and bold dotted lines represent the regression line and its 95% confidence interval of 2011.</p

Sensitivity analysis of the association between EGF +61G/A polymorphism and glioma risk (a versus A).

<p>Results were computed by omitting each study in turn. Meta-analysis fixed-effects estimates (exponential form) were used. Open circle indicates the pooled OR, given named study is omitted. The two ends of the dotted lines represent the 95% CI.</p

Forest plot of glioma risk for EGF +61G/A polymorphism (a versus A) by glioma grade.

<p>The dots and horizontal lines correspond to the study-specific OR and 95% CI. The diamond represents the pooled OR and 95% CI.</p

Begg's funnel plot of publication bias for EGF +61G/A polymorphism (a versus A).

<p>Plots are shown with pseudo 95% confidence limits. s.e., standard error.</p