Simulation of chip-formation by a single grain of pyramid shape

The article focuses on the analysis of thermomechanical modeling of cutting by single abrasive micro-size grain while the process of grinding. In this research, applying the Johnson-Cook” material model, which relates the intensity of stress with strain rate, temperature and the accumulated plastic strain. Using arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) approach makes it possible avoid the distortion of finite elements in the simulation of chip-formation under large deformations. The simulation allows predicting cutting force for processing workpiece of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V by single grain grinding

Inhibitors and Activators of SOD, GSH‐Px, and CAT

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is harmful to our health, and SOD, CAT, and GPX are the major antioxidant enzymes that defend us from effects of ROS. In medicine, food, and dairy industries, antioxidant enzymes often surround complex environments. For better utilization of these enzymes, the inhibitors (including competitive inhibitors and noncompetitive inhibitors) and activators of SOD, CAT, and GPX are descripted in detail in this chapter. Also, the structure and catalytic mechanism of these antioxidants are summarized

Constructing an Urban Population Model for Medical Insurance Scheme Using Microsimulation Techniques

China launched a pilot project of medical insurance reform in 79 cities in 2007 to cover urban nonworking residents. An urban population model was created in this paper for China's medical insurance scheme using microsimulation model techniques. The model made it clear for the policy makers the population distributions of different groups of people, the potential urban residents entering the medical insurance scheme. The income trends of units of individuals and families were also obtained. These factors are essential in making the challenging policy decisions when considering to balance the long-term financial sustainability of the medical insurance scheme

Aortic valve tear with severe aortic regurgitation following blunt chest trauma

An aortic valve tear associated with aortic regurgitation following blunt chest trauma is seldom seen. In this case, a 55-year-old man sustained a non-penetrating chest injury caused by a sudden fall from 10 meters. This led to a sizable tear in the left coronary cusp associated with severe aortic insufficiency. The case was treated successfully by surgical replacement of the aortic valve with a mechanical prosthesis

The Progenitor of Supernova 2004dj in a Star Cluster

The progenitor of type II-plateau supernova (SN) 2004dj is identified with a supergiant in a compact star cluster known as "Sandage Star 96" (S96) in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 2403, which was fortuitously imaged as part of the Beijing-Arizona-Taiwan-Connecticut (BATC) Multicolor Sky Survey from Feb 1995 to Dec 2003 prior to SN 2004dj. The superior photometry of BATC images for S96, taken with 14 intermediate-band filters covering 3000-10000\AA, unambiguously establishes the star cluster nature of S96 with an age of $\sim 20$Myr, a reddening of $\hbox{E}(B-V)\sim 0.35$ mag and a total mass of $\sim 96,000$M$_{\odot}$. The compact star cluster nature of S96 is also consistent with the lack of light variations in the past decade. The SN progenitor is estimated to have a main-sequence mass of $\sim$12M$_{\odot}$. The comparison of our intermediate-band data of S96 with the post-outburst photometry obtained as the SN has significantly dimmed, may hopefully conclusively establish the nature of the progenitor.Comment: 4 pages; 3 figures. To accept for Publications in ApJ Letters, but slightly longer in this perprin

V2A-Mapper: A Lightweight Solution for Vision-to-Audio Generation by Connecting Foundation Models

Building artificial intelligence (AI) systems on top of a set of foundation models (FMs) is becoming a new paradigm in AI research. Their representative and generative abilities learnt from vast amounts of data can be easily adapted and transferred to a wide range of downstream tasks without extra training from scratch. However, leveraging FMs in cross-modal generation remains under-researched when audio modality is involved. On the other hand, automatically generating semantically-relevant sound from visual input is an important problem in cross-modal generation studies. To solve this vision-to-audio (V2A) generation problem, existing methods tend to design and build complex systems from scratch using modestly sized datasets. In this paper, we propose a lightweight solution to this problem by leveraging foundation models, specifically CLIP, CLAP, and AudioLDM. We first investigate the domain gap between the latent space of the visual CLIP and the auditory CLAP models. Then we propose a simple yet effective mapper mechanism (V2A-Mapper) to bridge the domain gap by translating the visual input between CLIP and CLAP spaces. Conditioned on the translated CLAP embedding, pretrained audio generative FM AudioLDM is adopted to produce high-fidelity and visually-aligned sound. Compared to previous approaches, our method only requires a quick training of the V2A-Mapper. We further analyze and conduct extensive experiments on the choice of the V2A-Mapper and show that a generative mapper is better at fidelity and variability (FD) while a regression mapper is slightly better at relevance (CS). Both objective and subjective evaluation on two V2A datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method compared to current state-of-the-art approaches - trained with 86% fewer parameters but achieving 53% and 19% improvement in FD and CS, respectively.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures. Demo page: https://v2a-mapper.github.io