A general multi-wave quasi-resonance theory for lattice energy diffusion

In this letter, a multi-wave quasi-resonance framework is established to analyze energy diffusion in classical lattices, uncovering that it is fundamentally determined by the characteristics of eigenmodes. Namely, based on the presence and the absence of extended modes, lattices fall into two universality classes with qualitatively different thermalization behavior. In particular, we find that while the one with extended modes can be thermalized under arbitrarily weak perturbations in the thermodynamic limit, the other class can be thermalized only when perturbations exceed a certain threshold, revealing for the first time the possibility that a lattice cannot be thermalized, violating the hypothesis of statistical mechanics. Our study addresses conclusively the renowned Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou problem for large systems under weak perturbations, underscoring the pivotal roles of both extended and localized modes in facilitating energy diffusion and thermalization processes.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

A review of the spider genus Chthonopes (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae), with descriptions of two new species from China

The genus Chthonopes Wunderlich, 2011 is reviewed in this paper. The type species Chthonopes jaegeri Wunderlich, 2011 was illustrated based on new material from the type locality and the new distribution records (Bolikhamsay and Ban Kouanphavang Khammouane, Laos). Two new species are described from Yunnan, China: C. bifidum Yu & Lin, sp. nov. (♂♀) and C. jimudeng Yu & Lin, sp. nov. (♀). A key is provided for the genus, as well as species diagnoses, and a distribution map for all five species of Chthonopes

Boosting Adversarial Transferability across Model Genus by Deformation-Constrained Warping

Adversarial examples generated by a surrogate model typically exhibit limited transferability to unknown target systems. To address this problem, many transferability enhancement approaches (e.g., input transformation and model augmentation) have been proposed. However, they show poor performances in attacking systems having different model genera from the surrogate model. In this paper, we propose a novel and generic attacking strategy, called Deformation-Constrained Warping Attack (DeCoWA), that can be effectively applied to cross model genus attack. Specifically, DeCoWA firstly augments input examples via an elastic deformation, namely Deformation-Constrained Warping (DeCoW), to obtain rich local details of the augmented input. To avoid severe distortion of global semantics led by random deformation, DeCoW further constrains the strength and direction of the warping transformation by a novel adaptive control strategy. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the transferable examples crafted by our DeCoWA on CNN surrogates can significantly hinder the performance of Transformers (and vice versa) on various tasks, including image classification, video action recognition, and audio recognition. Code is made available at https://github.com/LinQinLiang/DeCoWA.Comment: AAAI 202

Role of MicroRNA-26b in Glioma Development and Its Mediated Regulation on EphA2

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of multiple target genes. Deregulation of miRNAs is common in human tumorigenesis. Low level expression of miR-26b has been found in glioma cells. However, its underlying mechanism of action has not been determined. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Real-time PCR was employed to measure the expression level of miR-26b in glioma patients and cells. The level of miR-26b was inversely correlated with the grade of glioma. Ectopic expression of miR-26b inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of human glioma cells. A binding site for miR-26b was identified in the 3'UTR of EphA2. Over-expression of miR-26b in glioma cells repressed the endogenous level of EphA2 protein. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) experiments were performed to further confirm the effects of miR-26b on the regulation of EphA2, and the results showed that miR-26b inhibited the VM processes which regulated by EphA2. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrated that miR-26b may act as a tumor suppressor in glioma and it directly regulates EphA2 expression. EphA2 is a direct target of miR-26b, and the down-regulation of EphA2 mediated by miR-26b is dependent on the binding of miR-26b to a specific response element of microRNA in the 3'UTR region of EphA2 mRNA

DEXTER: Deep Encoding of External Knowledge for Named Entity Recognition in Virtual Assistants

Named entity recognition (NER) is usually developed and tested on text from well-written sources. However, in intelligent voice assistants, where NER is an important component, input to NER may be noisy because of user or speech recognition error. In applications, entity labels may change frequently, and non-textual properties like topicality or popularity may be needed to choose among alternatives. We describe a NER system intended to address these problems. We test and train this system on a proprietary user-derived dataset. We compare with a baseline text-only NER system; the baseline enhanced with external gazetteers; and the baseline enhanced with the search and indirect labelling techniques we describe below. The final configuration gives around 6% reduction in NER error rate. We also show that this technique improves related tasks, such as semantic parsing, with an improvement of up to 5% in error rate.Comment: Interspeech 202

Relationship between eating attitudes, depression, and insight in schizophrenic patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comparative study in Guangdong, China

BackgroundSchizophrenia, a severe mental disorder, is often complicated by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), which can further impact patients’ psychological health. This study investigated the differences in eating attitudes, depression, and insight between schizophrenic patients with and without comorbid T2DM and explored the correlations among these factors to provide empirical support for clinical interventions.MethodsThis case-control study was conducted in Guangdong Province, China. From December 2022 to May 2023, a total of 300 hospitalized patients with schizophrenia (92 with comorbid T2DM and 208 without T2DM) were recruited. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and Insight and Treatment Attitudes Questionnaire (ITAQ). Statistical analyses, including t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression, were performed to examine differences and predictive factors of eating attitudes among patients. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (approval number: 2020028), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.ResultsPatients with schizophrenia and comorbid T2DM exhibited significantly higher risks of eating disorders (EAT-26: 12.54 ± 9.77 vs. 9.07 ± 7.90, P=0.003), more severe depression (HAMD: 14.71 ± 7.36 vs. 11.80 ± 6.04, P=0.001), and poorer insight (ITAQ: 10.46 ± 6.01 vs. 12.16 ± 6.09, P=0.025) compared to those without T2DM. Regression analysis revealed that gender, weekly exercise frequency, depression, and insight were significant predictors of eating attitudes among patients with T2DM. For patients without T2DM, weekly exercise frequency, smoking status, and insight were significant predictors.ConclusionSchizophrenic patients with comorbid T2DM are facing increasing risks related to eating attitudes, depression, and insight which highlight the need for targeted interventions. Regular psychological assessment and tailored support strategies might improve their mental health and quality of life. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to clarify causal relationships and develop more effective interventions