16,613 research outputs found
Voices from the diaspora: changing hierarchies and dynamics of Chinese multilingualism
The so-called Chinese diasporas, i.e. Chinese communities outside Greater China (China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan), have traditionally been dialect dominant; that is, the vast majority of Chinese immigrants are speakers of (especially Southern) dialects. Cantonese and Hokkien are two of the most prominent dialects. With globalization and the rise of China as a world politico-economic power, the national, standardized variety, Putonghua, is gaining particular prestige amongst the Chinese diasporas. For example, all the Cantonese schools for British Chinese children in the UK now also teach Putonghua, but none of the Putonghua schools teach Cantonese. Using ethnographic interviews with and participant observation of Chinese people of different generations in various diasporic communities, this paper examines the changing hierarchies of varieties of Chinese, the implications of such changes for the education and identity development of the young, and the constitution of a (speech) community in the post-modern era. It focuses on language attitude and linguistic practices (including literacy practices). It also investigates the tensions between the competing ideologies and discourses on national and ethnic identities, nationalism, community relations and cultural values
Analytic smoothness effect of solutions for spatially homogeneous Landau equation
In this paper, we study the smoothness effect of Cauchy problem for the
spatially homogeneous Landau equation in the hard potential case and the
Maxwellian molecules case. We obtain the analytic smoothing effect for the
solutions under rather weak assumptions on the initial datum.Comment: 16 page
Segmentation of ultrasound images of thyroid nodule for assisting fine needle aspiration cytology
The incidence of thyroid nodule is very high and generally increases with the
age. Thyroid nodule may presage the emergence of thyroid cancer. The thyroid
nodule can be completely cured if detected early. Fine needle aspiration
cytology is a recognized early diagnosis method of thyroid nodule. There are
still some limitations in the fine needle aspiration cytology, and the
ultrasound diagnosis of thyroid nodule has become the first choice for
auxiliary examination of thyroid nodular disease. If we could combine medical
imaging technology and fine needle aspiration cytology, the diagnostic rate of
thyroid nodule would be improved significantly. The properties of ultrasound
will degrade the image quality, which makes it difficult to recognize the edges
for physicians. Image segmentation technique based on graph theory has become a
research hotspot at present. Normalized cut (Ncut) is a representative one,
which is suitable for segmentation of feature parts of medical image. However,
how to solve the normalized cut has become a problem, which needs large memory
capacity and heavy calculation of weight matrix. It always generates over
segmentation or less segmentation which leads to inaccurate in the
segmentation. The speckle noise in B ultrasound image of thyroid tumor makes
the quality of the image deteriorate. In the light of this characteristic, we
combine the anisotropic diffusion model with the normalized cut in this paper.
After the enhancement of anisotropic diffusion model, it removes the noise in
the B ultrasound image while preserves the important edges and local details.
This reduces the amount of computation in constructing the weight matrix of the
improved normalized cut and improves the accuracy of the final segmentation
results. The feasibility of the method is proved by the experimental results.Comment: 15pages,13figure
The Gevrey Hypoellipticity for linear and non-linear Fokker-Planck equations
In this paper, we study the Gevrey regularity of weak solution for a class of
linear and quasilinear Fokker-Planck equations
Transnational experience, aspiration and family language policy
Transnational and multilingual families have become commonplace in the 21st century. Yet relatively few attempts have been made from applied and socio-linguistics perspectives to understand what is going on within such families; how their transnational and multilingual experiences impact on the family dynamics and their everyday life; how they cope with the new and ever-changing environment, and how they construct their identities and build social relations. In this article we start from the premise that bilingualism and multilingualism mean different things to different generations and individuals within the same family. Additive Bilingualism, which is often celebrated for the positive benefits of adding a second language and culture without replacing or displacing the first, cannot be taken for granted as a common experience of the individuals in transnational families. Using data gathered from a sociolinguistic ethnography of three multilingual and transnational families from China in Britain, we discuss the experiences of different generations and individuals in dealing with bilingualism and multilingualism and how their experiences affect the way individual family members perceive social relations and social structures and construct and present their own identities. The key argument we wish to put forward is that more attention needs to be paid to the diverse experiences of the individuals and to the `strategies they use to deal with the challenges of multilingualism, rather than the overall patterns of language maintenance and language shift
Electroweak radiative corrections to triple photon production at the ILC
In this paper, we present the precision predictions for three photon
production in the standard model (SM) at the ILC including the full
next-to-leading (NLO) electroweak (EW) corrections, high order initial state
radiation (h.o.ISR) contributions and beamstrahlung effects. We present the LO
and the NLO EW+h.o.ISR+beamstrahlung corrected total cross sections for various
colliding energy when and the kinematic
distributions of final photons with at ILC, and find
that the NLO EW corrections, the h.o.ISR contributions and the beamstrahlung
effects are important in exploring the process .Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Physics Letters
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