Synthesis And Activity Studies Of Novel Dispiro Pyrrolidine Compounds As Potential Antimycobacterial Agents

Sekumpulan dispiro pirolidina yang mengandungi lima puluh dua sebatian telah berjaya disintesis dengan menggunakan penambahan siklo 1,3 dwikutub. Tindak balas ini terbukti sangat regioselektif, menghasilkan satu set regioisomer sahaja sebagai produk. A mini library of fifty two highly functionalized dispiro pyrrolidines were synthesized successfully using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. This reaction is proved to be highly regioselective, giving only one set of regioisomer as product

4′-(4-Bromo­phen­yl)-1′-methyl­dispiro­[indan-2,2′-pyrrolidine-3′,2′′-indan]-1,3,1′′-trione

In the title compound, C27H20BrNO3, the pyrrolidine ring adopts a half-chair conformation, while the other five-membered rings adopt flattened envelope conformations with the spiro C atoms as the flap atoms. An intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs, generating an S(6) ring. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected via weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the c axis

7′-Phenyl-1′,3′,5′,6′,7′,7a’-hexa­hydro­dipiro[acenaphthyl­ene-1,5′-pyrrolo­[1,2-c]thia­zole-6′,2′′-indane]-2,1′′(1H)-dione

In the title compound, C31H23NO2S, the pyrrolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation (with the spiro C atom as the flap), while the thia­zolidine ring and the two cyclo­pentane rings adopt twisted conformations. The mean plane through the hexa­hydro­pyrrolo­[1,2-c]thia­zole ring [r.m.s deviation = 0.400 (1) Å] forms dihedral angles of 76.83 (4), 80.70 (5) and 79.00 (4)° with the benzene ring and the mean planes of the dihydro­acenaphthyl­ene and the dihydro­indene rings, respectively. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into sheets lying parallel to the bc plane. One of the ketone O atoms accepts three such bonds. Weak C—H⋯π inter­actions are also observed

7′-(2,5-Dimeth­oxy­phen­yl)-1′,3′,5′,6′,7′,7a’-hexa­hydro­dispiro­[indan-2,5′-pyrrolo­[1,2-c][1,3]thia­zole-6′,2′′-indan]-1,3,1′′-trione

In the title compound, C30H25NO5S, all the five-membered rings are in envelope conformations with the spiro and methylene C atoms as the flap atoms. Intra­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions stabilize the mol­ecular structure and form S(6) and S(7) ring motifs. The mean plane through the hexa­hydro­pyrrolo­[1,2-c]thia­zole ring [r.m.s deviation of 0.0393 (1) Å] makes dihedral angles of 60.92 (5), 88.33 (4) and 84.12 (4)° with the terminal benzene ring and the mean planes of the mono and di-oxo substituted indan rings, respectively. Mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions into a three-dimensional network. In addition, C—H⋯π and π–π inter­actions [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.4084 (8) Å] further stabilize the crystal structure

4′-(4-Bromo­phen­yl)-1′-methyl­dispiro­[acenaphthyl­ene-1,2′-pyrrolidine-3′,2′′-indane]-2,1′′(1H)-dione

In the title compound, C30H22BrNO2, the cyclo­pentane ring of the dihydro­acenaphthyl­ene group and the pyrrolidine ring are both in envelope conformations with the spiro C atom and N atom, respectively, as the flap atom. The cyclo­pentane ring of the indane group adopts a half-chair conformation. A weak intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond forms an S(8) ring motif. The naphthalene ring system of the dihydro­acenaphthyl­ene group forms dihedral angles of 41.76 (6) and 42.17 (6)° with the benzene ring of the bromo­phenyl group and the benzene ring of the indane group, respectively. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 83.92 (7)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into a two-dimensional network parallel to the ac plane. Weak C—H⋯π inter­actions are also observed

1′-Methyl-4′-[4-(trifluoro­meth­yl)phen­yl]dispiro­[acenaphthyl­ene-1,2′-pyrrolidine-3′,2′′-indane]-2,1′′(1H)-dione

In the title compound, C31H22F3NO2, the pyrrolidine and cyclo­pentane rings within the dihydro­indene ring system are in envelope conformations, with the N atom and the spiro-C atom at the flap, respectively. An intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond forms an S(8) ring motif. The mean plane through the pyrrolidine ring [r.m.s. deviation = 0.179 (2) Å] makes dihedral angles of 86.30 (13), 88.99 (10) and 79.69 (11)° with the benzene ring, the dihydro­acenaphthyl­ene ring and the mean plane of the indane system, respectively. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into a two-dimensional network parallel to the ac plane. C—H⋯π inter­actions further stabilize the crystal structure

7′-(4-Bromo­phen­yl)-5′,6′,7′,7a’-tetra­hydro­dispiro­[indan-2,5′-pyrrolo­[1,2-c][1,3]thia­zole-6′,2′′-indan]-1,3,1′′-trione

In the title compound, C28H20BrNO3S, the thia­zolidine, pyrrolidine and two five-membered carbocyclic rings are in envelope conformations. The bromo-bound phenyl ring forms dihedral angles of 61.97 (18) and 88.30 (17)° with the other two benzene rings. The two benzene rings form a dihedral angle of 30.3 (2)°. The mol­ecular structure features an intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond, which generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into inversion dimers by pairs of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

7′-Phenyl-5′,6′,7′,7a′-tetra­hydro­dipiro[indan-2,5′-pyrrolo­[1,2-c][1,3]thia­zole-6′,2′′-indan]-1,3,1′′-trione

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C28H21NO3S, contains two mol­ecules with similar geometries. The thia­zolidine rings adopt half-chair conformations while the pyrrolidine and the diketo-substituted five-membered carbocyclic rings are in envelope conformations with the spiro C atoms at the flaps. In one mol­ecule, the phenyl ring forms dihedral angles of 57.76 (12) and 71.79 (12)° with the fused benzene rings and the fused benzene rings form a dihedral angle of 57.75 (13)°. The corresponding dihedral angles in the other mol­ecule are 60.04 (12), 72.93 (12) and 54.51 (13)°. The mol­ecular structure is stabilized by intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which generate S(6) ring motifs. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked via C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into layers lying parallel to the ab plane

Novel Approaches for Detection Fluorescent-Labeled by Cellvizio Lab System on Hippocampal CA1 Region

Neurosteroids have been identified in the 1981. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) is one of the vital neurosteroids that de novo synthesized in the nervous system from cholesterol precursor (Baulieu & Robel, 1998). The aim of the study is to develop a method for fluorescence labelling. Alexa Fluor 488 dye with DHEAS antibody can binds the DHEAS antibody in the rat brain monitored by Cellvizio Lab System. DHEAS antibody (IgG isotype antibodies) was fluorescently conjugated by an amine-reactive compound, Alexa Fluor 5-SDP ester 488 dye. The resultant Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated antibodies were collected and analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer instrument. The absorbance of the protein-dye conjugate at 280 nm and 494 nm were measured. Then, the degree of labeling (DOL) was calculated to achieve the desired results. Fluorescence labelling were carried out into the CA1 region of hippocampus Sprague-Dawley rat. We reported that the conjugation was successful. Optimal labeling depending on degree of labeling (DOL) needs some necessity to achieve and effective binding to the target neurosteroid, DHEAS. Cellvizio Lab system connected with Fiber Fluorescence Microscopy (FFM) probe is presented as a new approach in real-time imaging of DHEAS. In conclusion, we have developed a new method of DHEAS-Alexa Fluor fluorescence labelling to visualize and evaluate the changes of DHEAS fluorescence level in the rat hippocampus. This novel approach as a diagnostic tool and can be used to better understand the mechanisms and functions of DHEAS and other neurosteroids in future research

Big Data Scenarios Simulator for Deep Learning Algorithm Evaluation for Autonomous Vehicle

One of the challenges in developing autonomous vehicles (AV) is the collection of suitable real environment data for the training and evaluation of machine learning algorithms for autonomous vehicles. Such environment data collection via various sensors mounted on AV is big data in nature which require massive time and money investment and in some specific scenarios could pose a significant danger to human lives. This necessitates the virtual scenarios simulator to simulate the real environment by generating big data images from a virtual fisheye lens that can mimic the field of view and radial distortion of commercial available camera lens of any manufacturer and model. In this paper, we proposed the novelty of developing a fisheye lens with distortion system to generate big data scenarios images to train and test imaged based sensing functions and to evaluate scenarios according to EuroNCap standards. A total of 10,123 RGB, depth and segmentation images of varying road scenarios were generated by proposed system in approximately 14 hours as compared to existing methods of 20 hours, achieving 42.86% improvement