7 research outputs found
Clause types and speech acts in speech to children
The question of how and when children learn to associate clause type with its canonical function, or speech act, is currently unknown. It is widely observed that declaratives tend to result in assertions, interrogatives in questions, and imperatives in requests. Although such canonical links between clause type and speech acts are principled, they are known to be defeasible. In this corpus study, we investigate how parents talk to their children in the first years of life, and ask how their input might support this mapping, and to what extent it might pose difficulties. We find that the expected link between clause type and speech act is robust in the input, particularly between declaratives and assertions, both of which also occur most frequently. In addition, the non-canonical mappings that do occur are characterized formally, e.g., non-interrogative questions nearly always exhibit rising prosody, and non-imperative requests often contain a modal
The effect of intonation on the illocutionary force of declaratives in child comprehension
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This study investigates preschoolers' ability to infer the force of speakers' intended speech acts when they don't match the clause type uttered, by focusing on rising declaratives in English. Prior work shows that infants are sensitive to clause type and intonational distinctions, but doesn't address speech act interpretation. We show that children deploy a sophisticated understanding of pragmatics and prosody to uncover the intended illocutionary force of speakers' utterances. This is done via the results of a comprehension task in which children helped a puppet place animals in workplaces throughout a village. In each trial, the puppet either made a statement about where an animal works, in which case the child had to place the animal in the corresponding location, or the puppet forgot and asked a question, in which case the child had to check a book containing information about each animal's workplace
Surgical Hip Dislocation for Management of Acetabular Osteochondroma in an Adult
The purpose of this study is to report a rare case of acetabular osteochondroma with a unique clinical presentation occurring in an adult with normally developed hips. The distinctive size and location of the lesion required an open approach with surgical dislocation of the hip for complete resection
Locked Central Fracture Dislocation of the Hip in a Child after Low-Energy Trauma
We present the case of a 13-year-old boy who sustained a locked central fracture dislocation of the right acetabulum following a bicycle fall. Immediate external reduction maneuvers under general anesthesia were unsuccessful due to intrapelvic entrapment of the femoral head. Open reduction internal fixation was achieved 48 hours later. After an initial satisfactory postoperative course, the patient ended up developing severe hip osteoarthritis 16 months after the procedure. The rarity of this injury in children is discussed, with its possible implications on joint congruity and potential growth injury