Investigation of the D and E region during the IQSY Final report, 1964 - 1965

Nike-Apache rocket measurements of lower ionosphere during International Quiet Sun Yea

Reconstructing the global topology of the universe from the cosmic microwave background

If the universe is multiply-connected and sufficiently small, then the last scattering surface wraps around the universe and intersects itself. Each circle of intersection appears as two distinct circles on the microwave sky. The present article shows how to use the matched circles to explicitly reconstruct the global topology of space.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, IOP format. To be published in the proceedings of the Cleveland Cosmology and Topology Workshop 17-19 Oct 1997. Submitted to Class. Quant. Gra

Accounts Receivable Factoring As A Response To Weak Governance: Panel Data Evidence

Accounts receivable factoring is a financing arrangement that occurs when a business sells its accounts receivables.  Factoring has emerged as the most important source of working capital for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in many economies because weak laws, poor enforcement, and the associated informational opacity put the SMEs at a disadvantage when borrowing.  This paper presents an empirical analysis of cross-country differences in factoring activity to determine whether the quality of governance is a significant determinant of the level of factoring activity.  Our analysis is based on a reduced form model that relates a country’s factoring activity (turnover) to the quality of governance, while controlling for other determinants of factoring discussed in the literature.  We use data for a panel of 59 countries, over the period 1995 – 2005.  Our findings support the hypothesis that factoring is more prevalent in economies with weak governance.  Additionally, we present evidence that factor turnover is decreasing in the incidence of corruption

The Total Economic Costs Of Finance Faculty Replacement

The purpose of this study is to estimate the total economic costs associated with filling a vacated finance faculty line.  These economic costs include both explicit and opportunity costs associated with the production process.  Hiring costs include explicit costs such as advertising the position and implicit costs such as the opportunity costs of faculty time spent in various search committee activities.  In addition, the recent market for finance professors has included a significant mark-to-market salary component associated with replacing departed faculty with new hires.  This paper utilizes survey data from recent finance faculty vacancies at AACSB International accredited schools to estimate the total hiring cost equation

Special Theory of Relativity through the Doppler Effect

We present the special theory of relativity taking the Doppler effect as the starting point, and derive several of its main effects, such as time dilation, length contraction, addition of velocities, and the mass-energy relation, and assuming energy and momentum conservation, we discuss how to introduce the 4-momentum in a natural way. We also use the Doppler effect to explain the "twin paradox", and its version on a cylinder. As a by-product we discuss Bell's spaceship paradox, and the Lorentz transformation for arbitrary velocities in one dimension.Comment: 20 pages, 1 figur

Running-in and micropitting behaviour of steel surfaces under mixed lubrication conditions

The paper investigates the running-in of hardened steel surfaces under mixed lubrication conditions. Pairs of surfaces of both equal and differing hardness were loaded together under rolling/sliding conditions in a twin-disk rig, and the evolution of surface topography was investigated using in-situ profilometry. Evaluation of roughness parameters, height distributions and profile relocation showed that the running-in of these surfaces is a rapid process where the most prominent asperity tips undergo plastic deformation during the initial loading cycles. Finally, the pair of equal hardness disks, following further running in a separate series of experiments, was found to suffer from micro-pitting. This micropitting predominantly occurred along the tips of prominent asperities, and the potential link between running-in and surface failure is discussed

A diagrammatic formulation of the kinetic theory of fluctuations in equilibrium classical fluids. VI. Binary collision approximations for the memory function for self correlation functions

We use computer simulation results for a dense Lennard-Jones fluid for a range of temperatures to test the accuracy of various binary collision approximations for the memory function for density fluctuations in liquids. The approximations tested include the moderate density approximation of the generalized Boltzmann-Enskog memory function (MGBE) of Mazenko and Yip, the binary collision approximation (BCA) and the short time approximation (STA) of Ranganathan and Andersen, and various other approximations derived by us using diagrammatic methods. The tests are of twotypes. The first is a comparison of the correlation functions predicted by each approximate memory function with the simulation results, especially for the self longitudinal current correlation function (SLCC). The second is a direct comparison of each approximate memory function with a memory function numerically extracted from the correlation function data. The MGBE memory function is accurate at short times but decays to zero too slowly and gives a poor description of the correlation function at intermediate times. The BCA is exact at zero time, but it predicts a correlation function that diverges at long times. The STA gives a reasonable description of the SLCC but does not predict the correct temperature dependence of the negative dip in the function that is associated with caging at low temperatures. None of the other binary collision approximations is a systematic improvement upon the STA. The extracted memory functions have a rapidly decaying short time part, much like the STA, and a much smaller, more slowly decaying part of the type predicted by mode coupling theory. Theories that use mode coupling commonly include a binary collision term in the memory function but do not discuss in detail the nature of that term. ...Comment: 18 pages, 10 figure

WMAP data and the curvature of space

Inter alia, the high precision WMAP data on Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation marginally indicate that the universe has positively curved (and hence spherical) spatial sections. In this paper, we take this data seriously and consider some of the consequences for the background dynamics. In particular, we show that this implies a limit to the number of e-foldings that could have taken place in the inflationary epoch; however this limit is consistent with some inflationary models that solve all the usual cosmological problems and are consistent with standard structure formation theory.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Segue Between Favorable and Unfavorable Solvation

Solvation of small and large clusters are studied by simulation, considering a range of solvent-solute attractive energy strengths. Over a wide range of conditions, both for solvation in the Lennard-Jones liquid and in the SPC model of water, it is shown that the mean solvent density varies linearly with changes in solvent-solute adhesion or attractive energy strength. This behavior is understood from the perspective of Weeks' theory of solvation [Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2002, 53, 533] and supports theories based upon that perspective.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure