Unweigerlich eindeutig? Das Gender-Konzept in Gender-Trainings

Aus der gegenwärtigen Debatte um Gender Mainstreaming (GM) lässt sich nach Einschätzung der Autorin die Notwendigkeit ableiten, ein nicht-essenzialistisches, offenes und transitives Gender-Konzept zu vermitteln, d.h. ein Konzept, welches systematisch Gender in komplexen und simultanen Beziehungen zu anderen sozialen Kategorien wie Herkunft, Klasse, Alter, sexuelle Orientierung usw. begreift und eine Loslösung von der Vorstellung einer natürlichen Zweigeschlechtlichkeit vollzieht. Wie kann dieser Anspruch praktisch umgesetzt und eine Vereindeutigung von Geschlecht in Gender-Trainings vermieden werden? Die Autorin geht dieser Frage anhand von spezifischen Inhalten von Gender- Trainings nach. Diese haben zum Ziel, auf individuell-persönlicher und sozial-interaktiver Ebene geschlechterbezogene Kompetenzen zu fördern sowie Sachinformationen und Methoden zur Umsetzung von GM in der eigenen Arbeit zu vermitteln. Als Qualifizierungsmaßnahme nehmen Gender-Trainings in der Vermittlung der Strategie einen zentralen Stellenwert ein und bilden gleichzeitig einen zentralen Schnittpunkt zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis. Die Autorin diskutiert vor diesem Hintergrund einige Vorschläge zur Vermittlung eines offenen und transitiven Konzeptes in Gender-Trainings. (ICI2

E- & Blended-Learning-Lehreinheiten aus den Gender Studies: Band 2

Ergänzend zu acht neuen E- bzw. Blended-Learning-Lehreinheiten aus den Gender Studies, finden Sie eine ausführliche Beschreibung der didaktisch eingesetzten multi-medialen Instrumente, Methoden und Reflexionsansätze sowie Ideen zur didaktischen Integration in verschiedene Online-Lehrformate. Lag der Fokus in der ersten Handreichung 2016 auf den Methoden und Erfahrungen in der Umsetzung interdisziplinär einsetzbarer E-Learning-Lehreinheiten bzw. -Bausteine, so widmet sich Band 2. konkreten Lehreinheiten aus unterschiedlichen Fachdisziplinen. Beide Handreichungen sind aus Projekten zu digitalen Lehrmaterialien in den Gender Studies am Braunschweiger Zentrum für Gender Studies hervorgegangen. Sie stärkten von Oktober 2013 bis Juli 2019 die Umsetzung von E- & Blended-Learning Szenarien an der Technischen Universität Braunschweig.In addition to eight new e- respectively blended-learning teaching units from Gender Studies, you will find a detailed description of the didactically used multi-media tools, methods and reflection approaches as well as ideas for didactic integration into various online teaching formats. In the first volume in 2016, the focus was on methods and experiences in the implementation of interdisciplinary e-learning teaching units or modules. Volume 2 is dedicated to specific teaching units from different disciplines. Both guides have emerged from projects on digital teaching materials in Gender Studies at the Braunschweiger Zentrum für Gender Studies. From October 2013 to July 2019, they strengthened the implementation of e- and blended-learning scenarios at the Technische Universität Braunschweig

Composting Contamination in Corporate Settings

The following is a comprehensive overview compiled for Hennepin County’s Environment and Energy Division to address compost contamination in corporate settings. Contamination consists of non-compostable materials in the compostable collection. Contamination may include items such as plastics bottles, cups, plastic flatware, coated paper, or plastic bags. This contamination leads to higher costs to the county, corporate participants, and others in the compost processing chain. Costs are incurred when deliveries of recyclable organics are rejected due to contamination above the allowable threshold. Research will be aimed at finding reasons for contamination, understanding alternative practices, and behavior modification strategies to improving organics sorting among participants. The results consist of a series of recommended actions and considerations to best facilitate behavior change and reduce contamination to compost in corporate settings

Progression of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Atrophy in Antiangiogenic Therapy of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

PurposeTo monitor retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) atrophy progression during antiangiogenic therapy of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) over 2 years using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT).DesignProspective interventional case series.Methodssetting: Clinical practice. study population: Thirty patients (31 eyes) with treatment-naïve neovascular AMD. observation procedures: Standard intravitreal therapy (0.5 mg ranibizumab) was administered monthly during the first year and pro re nata (PRN; as-needed) during the second year. Spectral-domain (SD) OCT and polarization-sensitive OCT (selectively imaging the RPE) examinations were performed at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months using a standardized protocol. RPE-related changes were evaluated using a semi-automated polarization-sensitive OCT segmentation algorithm and correlated with SD OCT and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) findings. main outcome measures: RPE response, geographic atrophy (GA) progression.ResultsAtrophic RPE changes included RPE thinning, RPE porosity, focal RPE atrophy, and development of GA. Early RPE loss (ie, RPE porosity, focal atrophy) increased progressively during initial monthly treatment and remained stable during subsequent PRN-based therapy. GA developed in 61% of eyes at month 24. Mean GA area increased from 0.77 mm2 at 12 months to 1.10 mm2 (standard deviation = 1.09 mm2) at 24 months. Reactive accumulation of RPE-related material at the lesion borders increased until month 3 and subsequently decreased.ConclusionsProgressive RPE atrophy and GA developed in the majority of eyes. RPE migration signifies certain RPE plasticity. Polarization-sensitive OCT specifically images RPE-related changes in neovascular AMD, contrary to conventional imaging methods. Polarization-sensitive OCT allows for precisely monitoring the sequence of RPE-related morphologic changes

Near‐Intrinsic Photo‐ and Electroluminescence from Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin Films on BCB‐Passivated Surfaces

Their outstanding electrical and optical properties make semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) highly suitable for charge transport and emissive layers in near-infrared optoelectronic devices. However, the luminescence spectra of SWCNT thin films on commonly used glass and Si/SiO2 substrates are often compromised by broadening of the main excitonic emission and unwanted low-energy sidebands. Surface passivation with a commercially available, low dielectric constant, cross-linked bis-benzocyclobutene-based polymer (BCB) enhances the emission properties of SWCNTs to the same level as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) flakes do. The presence of BCB suppresses sideband emission, especially from the Y1 band, which is attributed to defects introduced by the interaction of the nanotube lattice with oxygen-containing terminal groups of the substrate surface. The facile and reproducible deposition of homogeneous BCB films over large areas combined with their resistance against common solvents and chemicals employed during photolithography make them compatible with standard semiconductor device fabrication. Utilizing this approach, light-emitting (6,5) SWCNT network field-effect transistors are fabricated on BCB-treated glass substrates with excellent electrical characteristics and near-intrinsic electroluminescence. Hence, passivation with BCB is proposed as a standard treatment for substrates used for spectroscopic investigations of and optoelectronic devices with SWCNTs and other low-dimensional emitters

In der Zukunft angekommen

Die Digitalisierung schafft die Möglichkeit, von unterwegs zu arbeiten. Sie birgt aber auch die Gefahr der ständigen Erreichbarkeit. Vier Theologinnen und Theologen erzählen von ihren ungewöhnlichen Arbeitsweisen und davon, wie ihnen die Balance gelingt

Changes in Running Kinematics and Kinetics Following a 10 km Run

# Background Little is known about changes in kinetics or kinematics following a 10 km training run. This information has implications on risk of running-related injury. # Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 10 km run on running kinematics and kinetics in a sample of experienced runners. # Study Design Cross-Sectional Study # Subjects Nineteen runners ages 18-48 (7 female, 12 male) consented to participate including eight (3 female, 5 male) ultra-runners, and 11 (4 female, 7 male) recreational runners. # Methods Following collection of demographic data and completion of a short running survey, participants did a 6-minute run at their self-selected running speed to acclimate to the instrumented treadmill. Reflective markers were placed over designated anatomical landmarks on both sides of the pelvis as well as the left lower extremity and marked with a skin pen. Subjects then ran on the treadmill and 30 seconds of video data were recorded at 240 frames/sec using a high-speed camera for the sagittal plane and the frontal plane. Simultaneously, ground reaction forces (GRFs) were recorded at 1200 Hz through the treadmill's embedded force plates. Each runner then ran 10 km on a paved trail at their self-selected pace. Immediately following the run, reflective markers were reattached, guided by markings placed before the run, and a 30-second post-run trial of the video and GRF data were recorded. Video data were analyzed using Kinovea software to measure the kinematic variables of interest. Paired t-tests with Bonferroni corrections were used to find if significant differences existed between pre- and post-run data for all kinematic and kinetic variables. # Results No significant or clinically relevant differences existed between the pre- and post-run measurements for the kinematic or kinetic variables. The only significant difference noted between the ultra-runners and recreational runners was that the ultra-runners had significantly higher cadence (p=0.045). # Conclusions A 10 km run at a self-selected pace did not result in change in the mean kinematic or kinetic variables in this group of experienced runners. Ultra-runners employ higher cadence than recreational runners, but their kinematics and kinetics are similar. # Level of Evidence Level

Does it bite? The role of stimuli characteristics on preschoolers’ interactions with robots, insects and a dog

While there is increasing interest in the impact of animal interactions upon children’s wellbeing and attitudes, there has been less attention paid to the specific characteristics of the animals which attract and engage children. We used a within-subjects design to explore how differences in animal features (such as their animacy, size, and texture) impacted upon pre-school children’s social and emotional responses. This study examined pre-schoolers’ interactions with two animal-like robots (Teksta and Scoozie), two insect types (stick insects and hissing cockroaches) and a dog (Teasel, a West Highland Terrier). Nineteen preschool participants aged 35-57 months were videoed while interacting with the experimenter, a peer and each stimulus (presented individually). We used both verbal and nonverbal behaviours to evaluate interactions and emotional responses to the stimuli and found that these two measures could be incongruent, highlighting the need for systematic approaches to evaluating children’s interactions with animals. We categorised the content of children’s dialogues in relation to psychological and biological attributes of each stimulus and their distinctions between living and non-living stimuli; the majority of comments were biological, with psychological terms largely reserved for the dog and mammal-like robot only. Comments relating to living qualities revealed ambiguity towards attributes that denote differences between living and non-living creatures. We used a range of nonverbal measures, including willingness to approach and touch stimuli, rates of self-touching, facial expressions of emotion, and touch to others. Insects (hissing cockroaches and stick insects) received the most negative verbal and nonverbal responses. The mammal-like robot (rounded, fluffy body shape, large eyes, and sympathetic sounds) was viewed much more positively than its metallic counterpart, as was the real dog. We propose that these interactions provide information on how children perceive animals and a platform for the examination of human socio-emotional and cognitive development more generally. The children engaged in social referencing to the adult experimenter rather than familiar peers when uncertain about the stimuli presented, suggesting that caregivers have a primary role in shaping children’s responses to animals

Domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) do not show signs of secure attachment to their owners

The Ainsworth Strange Situation Test (SST) has been widely used to demonstrate that the bond between both children and dogs to their primary carer typically meets the requirements of a secure attachment (i.e. the carer being perceived as a focus of safety and security in otherwise threatening environments), and has been adapted for cats with a similar claim made. However methodological problems in this latter research make the claim that the cat-owner bond is typically a secure attachment, operationally definable by its behaviour in the SST, questionable. We therefore developed an adapted version of the SST with the necessary methodological controls which include a full counterbalance of the procedure. A cross-over design experiment with 20 cat-owner pairs (10 each undertaking one of the two versions of the SST first) and continuous focal sampling was used to record the duration of a range of behavioural states expressed by the cats that might be useful for assessing secure attachment. Since data were not normally distributed, non-parametric analyses were used on those behaviours shown to be reliable across the two versions of the test (which excluded much cat behaviour). Although cats vocalised more when the owner rather the stranger left the cat with the other individual, there was no other evidence consistent with the interpretation of the bond between a cat and its owner meeting the requirements of a secure attachment. These results are consistent with the view that adult cats are typically quite autonomous, even in their social relationships, and not necessarily dependent on others to provide a sense of security and safety. It is concluded that alternative methods need to be developed to characterise the normal psychological features of the cat-owner bond