Generation of spin-motion entanglement in a trapped ion using long-wavelength radiation

Applying a magnetic-field gradient to a trapped ion allows long-wavelength radiation to produce a mechanical force on the ion's motion when internal transitions are driven. We demonstrate such a coupling using a single trapped Yb+171 ion and use it to produce entanglement between the spin and motional state, an essential step toward using such a field gradient to implement multiqubit operations

Transport and ageing: Extending quality of life for older people via public and private transport

Accessible public transport and the independence that comes with car driving are generally thought to be linked to quality of life in old age. However, there has been almost no research on this topic in the UK. This study by researchers from the University of Paisley and the University of East London used a multi-method approach to explore the relationship between quality of life and access to public and private transport. The study also examined the extent to which the transport needs of older people are taken into account by transport professionals

Efficient preparation and detection of microwave dressed-state qubits and qutrits with trapped ions

We demonstrate a method for preparing and detecting all eigenstates of a three-level microwave dressed system with a single trapped ion. The method significantly reduces the experimental complexity of gate operations with dressed-state qubits, as well as allowing all three of the dressed states to be prepared and detected, thereby providing access to a qutrit that is well protected from magnetic field noise. In addition, we demonstrate individual addressing of the clock transitions in two ions using a strong static magnetic field gradient, showing that our method can be used to prepare and detect microwave dressed states in a string of ions when performing multi-ion quantum operations with microwave and radio frequency fields. The individual addressability of clock transitions could also allow for the control of pairwise interaction strengths between arbitrary ions in a string using lasers

Polyaryl ethers and related polysiloxane copolymer molecular coatings preparation and radiation degrdation

Poly(arylene ether sulfones) comprise a class of materials known as engineering thermoplastics which have a variety of important applications. These polymers are tough, rigid materials with good mechanical properties over a wide temperature range, and they are processed by conventional methods into products typically having excellent hydrolytic, thermal, oxidative and dimensional stability. Wholly aromatic random copolymers of hydroquinone and biphenol with 4.4 prime dichlorodiphenyl sulfone were synthesized via mechanical nucleophilic displacement. Their structures were characterized and mechanical behavior studied. These tough, ductile copolymers show excellent radiation resistance to electron beam treatment and retain much of the mechanical properties up to at least 700 Mrads under argon

Towards the observation of phase locked Bloch oscillations in arrays of small Josephson junctions

We have designed an experiment and performed extensive simulations and preliminary measurements to identify a set of realistic circuit parameters that should allow the observation of constant-current steps at I=2ef in short arrays of small Josephson junctions under external AC drive of frequency f. Observation of these steps demonstrating phase lock of the Bloch oscillations with the external drive requires a high-impedance environment for the array, which is provided by on-chip resistors close to the junctions. We show that the width and shape of the steps crucially depend on the shape of the drive and the electron temperature in the resistors

Epidemiology, Microbiology, and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With Intravenous Drug Use-Associated Infective Endocarditis in New Brunswick

Background: Within the context of Canada’s opioid crisis, medical complications associated with intravenous drug use (IVDU) are increasing. Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious complication of IVDU, and understanding the characteristics of these patients could aid health systems, clinicians, and patients in the optimization of treatment and prevention of IVDU-IE. / Methods: At a tertiary care hospital in southern New Brunswick, we conducted a retrospective chart review to identify patients with IVDU-IE admitted between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017. We collected data related to the epidemiology, microbiology, clinical manifestations, echocardiography, complications during hospital admission, and outcomes. / Results: Forty-two cases of IVDU-IE met inclusion criteria. The rate of IVDU-IE increased from 2.28 per 100,000 population in 2014 to 4.00 in 2017, which, although not statistically significant, reflects patterns in other jurisdictions. Most patients (72.4%) were male, and the mean age was 38.3 (±11.5) years. Most patients (79.3%) injected opioids. The most common clinical sign was fever (90.5%), and Staphylococcus aureus (61.9%) was the most common microorganism. The tricuspid valve was most commonly infected (58.5%), 50% of cases had heart failure as a complication during admission, and 45.2% of cases required valve replacement or repair. The 2-year survival rate after admission for initial IVDU-IE episode was 62.0% (95% confidence interval: 36.5-79.7). / Conclusion: IVDU-IE is common in New Brunswick and may be increasing. Despite the relatively young age of this patient population, IVDU-IE is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Expanding effective harm reduction and addiction treatment strategies for this cohort is recommended. // Contexte: Dans le contexte de la crise des opioïdes au Canada, les complications médicales liées à l'utilisation de drogues par voie intraveineuse (UDIV) sont en augmentation. L'endocardite infectieuse (EI) est une complication grave de l'UDIV, et la compréhension des caractéristiques de ces patients pourrait aider les systèmes de santé, les cliniciens et les patients à optimiser le traitement et la prévention de l’EI liée à l’UDIV (EI-UDIV). / Méthodes: Dans un hôpital de soins tertiaires du sud du Nouveau-Brunswick, nous avons effectué un examen rétrospectif des dossiers afin d'identifier les patients atteints de l’EI-UDIV admis entre le 1er janvier 2013 et le 31 décembre 2017. Nous avons recueilli des données relatives à l'épidémiologie, la microbiologie, les manifestations cliniques, l'échocardiographie, les complications lors de l'admission à l'hôpital et les bilans. / Résultats: Quarante-deux cas d'EI-UDIV ont répondu aux critères d'inclusion. Le taux d'EI-UDIV est passé de 2,28 pour 100 000 habitants en 2014 à 4,00 en 2017, ce qui, bien que non significatif statistiquement, reflète les tendances observées dans d'autres juridictions. La plupart des patients (72,4 %) étaient des hommes, et l'âge moyen était de 38,3 ans (±11,5). La plupart des patients (79,3 %) s'injectaient des opioïdes. Le signe clinique le plus fréquent était la fièvre (90,5 %), et le Staphylococcus aureus (61,9 %) était le micro-organisme le plus couramment observé. La valve tricuspide était le plus souvent infectée (58,5 %), 50 % des cas avaient une insuffisance cardiaque en tant que complication lors de l'admission, et 45,2 % des cas ont nécessité un remplacement ou une réparation de la valve. Le taux de survie à deux ans après l'admission pour l'épisode initial d'EI-UDIV était de 62,0 % (intervalle de confiance à 95 % : 36,5-79,7). / Conclusion: L'EI-UDIV est fréquent au Nouveau-Brunswick et pourrait être en augmentation. Malgré l'âge relativement jeune de cette population de patients, l'UDIV-IE est associée à une morbidité et une mortalité importantes. Il est recommandé d'étendre les stratégies efficaces de réduction des risques et de traitement des dépendances pour cette cohorte

The New Deal: jeopardised by the geography of unemployment?

The New Deal is the Labour government's flagship programme to "end the tragic waste of youth and long-term unemployment" by getting people off welfare benefits and into work. This paper argues that the principal weakness of the New Deal is that it seeks to influence the character of labour supply (i.e. the motivation and skills of the unemployed) while neglecting the state of labour demand, which varies greatly between places. The uneven geography of unemployment in the UK is likely to have a crucial bearing on the programme's impact and effectiveness, but this has been largely ignored in its development. The paper outlines some of the practical consequences of this imbalance and suggests how it could be rectified for the programme to be more effective

Detyrosination of alpha tubulin does not stabilize microtubules in vivo.

The relationship between alpha tubulin detyrosination and microtubule (MT) stability was examined directly in cultured fibroblasts by experimentally converting the predominantly tyrosinated MT array to a detyrosinated (Glu) array and then assaying MT stability. MTs in mouse Swiss 3T3 cells displayed an increase in Glu immunostaining fluorescence approximately 1 h after microinjecting antibodies to the tyrosinating enzyme, tubulin tyrosine ligase. Detyrosination progressed to virtual completion after 12 h and persisted for 30-35 h before tyrosinated subunits within MTs were again detected. The stability of these experimentally detyrosinated MTs was tested by first injecting either biotinylated or Xrhodamine-labeled tubulin and then measuring bulk turnover by hapten-mediated immunocytochemistry or fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, respectively. By both methods, turnover was found to be similarly rapid, possessing a half time of approximately 3 min. As a final test of MT stability, the level of acetylated tubulin staining in antibody-injected cells was compared with that observed in adjacent, uninjected cells and also with the staining observed in cells whose MTs had been stabilized with taxol. Although intense Glu staining was observed in both injected and taxol-treated cells, increased acetylated tubulin staining was observed only in the taxol-stabilized MTs, indicating that the MTs were not stabilized by detyrosination. Together, these results demonstrated clearly that detyrosination does not directly confer stability on MTs. Therefore, the stable MTs observed in these and other cell lines must have arisen by another mechanism, and may have become posttranslationally modified after their stabilization

Ground-state cooling of a trapped ion Using long-wavelength radiation

We demonstrate ground-state cooling of a trapped ion using radio-frequency (rf) radiation. This is a powerful tool for the implementation of quantum operations, where rf or microwave radiation instead of lasers is used for motional quantum state engineering. We measure a mean phonon number of n¯=0.13(4) after sideband cooling, corresponding to a ground-state occupation probability of 88(7)%. After preparing in the vibrational ground state, we demonstrate motional state engineering by driving Rabi oscillations between the |n=0⟩ and |n=1⟩ Fock states. We also use the ability to ground-state cool to accurately measure the motional heating rate and report a reduction by almost 2 orders of magnitude compared with our previously measured result, which we attribute to carefully eliminating sources of electrical noise in the system