3,102 research outputs found
Conflict of Laws - Torts - Proper Party Plaintiff in Wrongful Death Actions
The purpose of this comment is to examine the differing solutions and determine the vitality of the common law rule in wrongful death actions
Constitutional Law - Freedom of Religion - Fluoridation of City Water
In its proprietary capacity the City of Bend maintains and operates a water system with the exclusive right to supply water to its inhabitants. In February 1952 the mayor and city commissioners adopted an ordinance providing for the introduction of fluorine into the water supply to reduce dental caries in the teeth of young children. The plaintiff as a resident and taxpayer brought suit to enjoin such action. A demurrer to his complaint was sustained. On appeal, held, affirmed. A city, in the exercise of its police power, may enact reasonable regulations for the protection of the public health, safety. and welfare notwithstanding a conflict with the free exercise of religion of some of its citizens. Baer v. City of Bend, (Ore. 1956) 292 P. (2d) 134
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Archiving and disseminating integrative structure models.
Limitations in the applicability, accuracy, and precision of individual structure characterization methods can sometimes be overcome via an integrative modeling approach that relies on information from all available sources, including all available experimental data and prior models. The open-source Integrative Modeling Platform (IMP) is one piece of software that implements all computational aspects of integrative modeling. To maximize the impact of integrative structures, the coordinates should be made publicly available, as is already the case for structures based on X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. Moreover, the associated experimental data and modeling protocols should also be archived, such that the original results can easily be reproduced. Finally, it is essential that the integrative structures are validated as part of their publication and deposition. A number of research groups have already developed software to implement integrative modeling and have generated a number of structures, prompting the formation of an Integrative/Hybrid Methods Task Force. Following the recommendations of this task force, the existing PDBx/mmCIF data representation used for atomic PDB structures has been extended to address the requirements for archiving integrative structural models. This IHM-dictionary adds a flexible model representation, including coarse graining, models in multiple states and/or related by time or other order, and multiple input experimental information sources. A prototype archiving system called PDB-Dev ( https://pdb-dev.wwpdb.org ) has also been created to archive integrative structural models, together with a Python library to facilitate handling of integrative models in PDBx/mmCIF format
Patents - The Changing Standard of Patentable Invention: Confusion Compounded
In Lyon v. Bausch and Lomb Optical Co., Judge Learned Hand carefully analyzed the problem and took the position that Congress intended to modify the standard then applied by the Supreme Court and revive that used twenty-five years ago. He stated that under recent Supreme Court decisions he would be compelled to find the patent invalid, but upheld it on the basis of his interpretation of the new statute. This comment is directed not only to Judge Hand\u27s interpretation, but also to the effect that his decision has had, and may be expected to have in the future, both on the courts and Congress
Solutions to the tethered galaxy problem in an expanding universe and the observation of receding blueshifted objects
We use the dynamics of a galaxy, set up initially at a constant proper
distance from an observer, to derive and illustrate two counter-intuitive
general relativistic results. Although the galaxy does gradually join the
expansion of the universe (Hubble flow), it does not necessarily recede from
us. In particular, in the currently favored cosmological model, which includes
a cosmological constant, the galaxy recedes from the observer as it joins the
Hubble flow, but in the previously favored cold dark matter model, the galaxy
approaches, passes through the observer, and joins the Hubble flow on the
opposite side of the sky. We show that this behavior is consistent with the
general relativistic idea that space is expanding and is determined by the
acceleration of the expansion of the universe -- not a force or drag associated
with the expansion itself. We also show that objects at a constant proper
distance will have a nonzero redshift; receding galaxies can be blueshifted and
approaching galaxies can be redshifted.Comment: 8 pages including 6 figures, to appear in Am. J. Phys., 2003.
Reference added in postscrip
Review of deaths related to taking ecstasy, England and Wales, 1997-2000
Original article can be found at: http://www.bmj.com/archive/--Copyright BMJ Publishing Group Ltd DOI : 10.1136/bmj.326.7380.80Peer reviewe
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