16 research outputs found

    The 2022 symposium on dementia and brain aging in low‐ and middle‐income countries: Highlights on research, diagnosis, care, and impact

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    Two of every three persons living with dementia reside in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). The projected increase in global dementia rates is expected to affect LMICs disproportionately. However, the majority of global dementia care costs occur in high‐income countries (HICs), with dementia research predominantly focusing on HICs. This imbalance necessitates LMIC‐focused research to ensure that characterization of dementia accurately reflects the involvement and specificities of diverse populations. Development of effective preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for dementia in LMICs requires targeted, personalized, and harmonized efforts. Our article represents timely discussions at the 2022 Symposium on Dementia and Brain Aging in LMICs that identified the foremost opportunities to advance dementia research, differential diagnosis, use of neuropsychometric tools, awareness, and treatment options. We highlight key topics discussed at the meeting and provide future recommendations to foster a more equitable landscape for dementia prevention, diagnosis, care, policy, and management in LMICs. Highlights: Two‐thirds of persons with dementia live in LMICs, yet research and costs are skewed toward HICs. LMICs expect dementia prevalence to more than double, accompanied by socioeconomic disparities. The 2022 Symposium on Dementia in LMICs addressed advances in research, diagnosis, prevention, and policy. The Nairobi Declaration urges global action to enhance dementia outcomes in LMICs

    Quality of honey processed and stored by honey processors and traders in the mountains of northern Kenya

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    A study was conducted in the mountains (Nyiru, Ndoto and Marsabit) of northern Kenya to determine the quality of honey processed and stored by honey processors and traders. Twelve processed and stored honey samples were randomly collected from processing groups and honey traders in three honey markets. The samples were analyzed for moisture content, total reducing sugars, apparent sucrose, acidity and Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) by applying the Harmonized Methods of the International Honey Commission or the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The mean moisture content, reducing sugars, apparent sucrose, acidity and HMF values of 18.0%, 69.5%, 2.8%, 26.1meq/kg and 3.6 mg/kg, respectively met the Codex Alimentarius and Kenya national quality standards. However, with storage the acidity and HMF increased while the moisture content of honey decreased. In conclusion, honey processed in northern Kenya using simple straining methods and stored up to fourteen months was of acceptable quality and qualify for sale in urban and regional markets

    What Are Consumers Willing to Pay for Improved Milk Quality in Moyale, Kenya?

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    Pastoralists in northern Kenya and southern Ethiopia may be able to diversify income by selling milk to urban residents. However, milk sold in open-air markets is often low in quality because it has been transported long distances without refrigeration and is subject to spoilage, or because milk is adulterated prior to sale to boost volume or enhance appearance. Open-air markets are characterized by low-income consumers who must make choices about milk quality with virtually no information other than their own sensory perceptions. PARIMA researchers used an experimental-auction approach to determine what residents in Moyale, Kenya, are willing to pay (WTP) for improved milk quality. Researchers created milk samples that varied in taste and texture and asked participants to bid for them in order to reveal the value of their preferences. Results indicate that consumers are indeed willing to pay for improved milk quality. For example, compared to younger women, older women would pay a 20% premium for higher-quality milk. Furthermore, poorer consumers would pay a 19% premium simply for assurances on milk safety. These findings indicate that there are economic incentives to enhance milk quality and justify attention to basic technical and/or organizational interventions that could improve the quality of milk marketed to the residents of this border town

    Simple Cooling Method Improves the Quality of Marketed Camel Milk in Northern Kenya

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    Milk marketing is important for many pastoralists to generate income, especially poor households with little else to sell. Milk is accumulated at pastoral settlements and transported to local markets on foot, by pack animals, or in vehicles. Despite challenges of heat and long-distance travel, pastoralists or traders do not attempt to cool marketed milk and possibly reduce risk of spoilage. Milk spoilage is an important problem that limits urban consumer demand. Our research objective was to determine effects of water-soaked hemp (burlap), wrapped around plastic jerry cans, on reducing milk temperature and enhancing quality of marketed camel milk, a key commodity in northern Kenya. The study employed an experimental design using pairs of 3-liter jerry cans, with or without water-soaked hemp, transported by donkey and lorry on eight market runs between Kulamawe and Isiolo. Samples of milk taken at morning milkings and mid-afternoon after market arrival were analyzed for temperature and standard milk-quality parameters. Milk took 7.4 hours to travel 80 km to market. Hemp treatment significantly reduced average milk temperatures by 13% and total bacterial counts by 44%. This simple and readily adoptable intervention can therefore reduce risks of milk spoilage along this value chain under similar field conditions
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