Pre-service health and physical education teachers’ obesity-related nutrition knowledge and food habits

This study aimed to quantify the levels of nutrition knowledge of pre-service health and physical education teachers as well as their ability to provide suitable weight-based advice to overweight adolescents. The influence of degree progression, gender and their own food habits on knowledge and ability was also assessed. Pre-service health and physical educators (n=72) were surveyed at three consecutive points in their degree with a questionnaire designed to extract information on demographics, food habits, nutrition knowledge related to obesity and knowledge about obesity counselling. Degree progression resulted in improvements to nutrition knowledge, as expected. When surveyed just prior to degree completion, scores on repeated measures reflect inaccuracies in obesity related nutrition knowledge and the propensity to advocate inappropriate weight-control advice to future overweight students. Females had higher levels of obesity-related nutrition knowledge than males. Gender was also significantly associated with obesity counselling knowledge among students in their second and fourth years of study and with dieting behaviours in second- and third-year students, with female students more likely to diet for weight control than their male peers. These results identify the need for further research into methods of increasing nutrition knowledge and obesity counselling skills in pre-service health and physical education teachers

IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC MARKETING OF SLAUGHTER CATTLE IN VIRGINIA: REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES

Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

COSTS OF OPERATING A COMPUTERIZED TRADING SYSTEM FOR SLAUGHTER LAMBS

Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Doctor of Philosophy

dissertationIn recent decades liberal political philosophy has debated a significant question: If the basic commitment of liberal political theory is the equal moral standing of all individuals, how do we justify the presence of borders and their control such that individuals receive different consideration and treatment based solely upon their status as members of a particular political community? One position claims that hard borders are unjustifiable; borders must be open as a matter of right and respect for all individuals. At the other end of the spectrum is the position that hard borders are justifiable; borders can be closed as a matter of the right of particular communities to the goods that community creates and the preservation of that community's unique identity. A third category of arguments considers the problem from the perspective of the nonideal circumstances in the world; opening borders is an appropriate and necessary response to resolving problems of hunger, poverty and violence in the world. I examine several arguments in each of these categories, finding that the arguments offered are problematic in ways which make them less than fully persuasive, even though they explore in valuable ways different aspects of the debate. A second problem is that this moral debate has failed to influence in any meaningful way the ongoing public policy debate related to immigration. To overcome this second problem I utilize a model proposed by Jonathan Wolf and Avner de-Shalit in which philosophically fragmented concepts, which cannot influence policy in their fragmented state, are brought to bear upon policy through the identification of the moral consensus present in the debate. This moral consensus, which represents the central moral concern of the debate, can be effectively applied to the appropriate policy debate. The proposed consensus is based upon the central moral concern of the open borders debate, the effect of immigration control policies upon the well-being of individuals, and argues that states may control their borders constrained by the obligation to give consideration to the effects of control policies and to ameliorate the negative effects of such policies

Effect of various post-harvest treatments on the green color and chlorophyll retention of southern peas, Vigna sinensis

Tennessee processors of frozen Southern peas have observed a rapid loss of green color in the post-harvested raw product. Color is one of the most important quality factors in grading peas by USDA standards. Therefore, a loss of greenness may result in a lower grade for the frozen product. This study was initiated in order to gain more information on the factors which may be responsible for this loss of green color. Southern peas (Vigna sinensis, Mississippi Silver var.) were harvested in the mature green stage, shelled and stored at three temperatures (40°, 75°, 90° F) for three time periods (8, 16, 24 hrs.). The effects of illumination and water storage were also incorporated in this experiment. A second experiment investigated the effects of storage under vacuum, nitrogen, air and storage in the pod. The effect of these treatments was measured by spectrophotometric analysis of chlorophyll extracts, C.I.E. conversion of Color-Eye Colorimeter values, color panel evaluation, pH values, and enzymatic activity. The data indicated that an increase in time and temperature caused an increased conversion of chlorophyll to pheophytin. Water storage and illumination had no significant effect on chlorophyll retention. Unshelled peas stored at 40° F retained more chlorophyll than all other treatments. The enzymatic activity of peroxidase and lipoxidase was significantly affected by treatments, but was not correlated with chlorophyll retention or color measurements

The development of qualification standards for cast duplex stainless steel

The scope of testing cast Duplex Stainless Steel (DSS) required testing to several ASTM specifications, while formulating and conducting industry round robin tests to verify and study the reproducibility of the results. ASTM E562 (Standard Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic manual Point Count) and ASTM A923 (Standard Test Methods for Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic Phase in Wrought Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steels) were the specifications utilized in conducting this work. An ASTM E562 industry round robin, ASTM A923 applicability study, ASTM A923 industry round robin, and an ASTM A923 study of the effectiveness of existing foundry solution annealing procedures for producing cast DSS without intermetallic phases were implemented. In the ASTM E562 study, 5 samples were extracted from various cast austenitic and DSS in order to have varying amounts of ferrite. Each sample was metallographically prepared by UT and sent to each of 8 participants for volume fraction of ferrite measurements. Volume fraction of ferrite was measured using manual point count per ASTM E562. FN was measured from the Feritescope® and converted to volume fraction of ferrite. Results indicate that ASTM E562 is applicable to DSS and the results have excellent lab-to-lab reproducibility. Also, volume fraction of ferrite ·conversions from the FN measured by the F eritescope® were similar to volume fraction of ferrite measured per ASTME562. In the ASTM A923 applicability to cast DSS study, 8 different heat treatments were performed on 3 lots of ASTM A890-4A (CD3MN) castings and 1 lot of 2205 wrought DSS. The heat treatments were selected to produce a wide range of cooling rates and hold times in order to study the ·suitability of ASTM A923 to the response of varying amounts on intermetallic phases [ 117]. The test parameters were identical to those used to develop ASTM A923 for wrought DSS. Charpy V-notch impact samples were extracted from the castings and wrought DSS and tested per ASTM A923 method B (Charpy impact test). Method A (sodium hydroxide etch test) was performed on one half of a fractured Charpy V-notch impact sample and Method C (ferric chloride corrosion weight loss test) was performed on another half. Test results for the three cast lots and one wrought lot indicate that ASTM A923 is relevant for detecting intermetallic phases in cast DSS. In the ASTM A923 round robin study, five laboratories conducted ASTM A923 Methods A & C on cast DSS material and the lab-to-lab reproducibility of the data was determined. Two groups of samples were sent to the participants. Group 1 samples were tested per ASTM A923 Method A, group 2 samples were tested by ASTM A923 Method C. Testing procedures for this round robin study were identical to those used in the ASTM A923 applicability study. Results from this round robin indicate that there is excellent lab-to-lab reproducibility of ASTM A923 with respect to cast DSS and that ASTM A923 could be expanded to cover both wrought and cast DSS. In the ASTM A923 study of the effectiveness of existing foundry solution annealing procedures for producing cast DSS without intermetallic phases, Ten heats of ASTM A890-4A (CD3MN) in the foundry solution annealed condition were tested per ASTM A923 Methods A, B, & C. Testing of these materials per ASTM A923 was used to determine if the foundry solution anneal procedures were adequate to completely eliminate any intermetallic phases, which may have precipitated during the casting and subsequent heat treatment processes. All heats showed no sign of intermetallic phase per Method A, passed minimum Charpy impact energy requirements per Method B (\u3e 40 ft¬ .lbs@ -40°C (-40°F)), and showed negligible weight loss per Method C (\u3c 10 mdd). · These results indicate that the solution annealing procedure used by foundries is adequate to produce a product free from intermetallic phases

Employees’ Financial Insecurity and Health: The Underlying Role of Stress and Work–Family Conflict Appraisals

Data from two longitudinal samples were utilized to elucidate underlying mechanisms of the well‐established relationship between financial insecurity and health outcomes, stemming from the theoretical rationale of conservation of resources and cognitive appraisal theories. Study 1 (n = 80) consisted of low‐wage food manufacturing employees working full time, while Study 2 (n = 331) was consisted of a larger, heterogeneous sample of full‐time workers representing multiple occupations. Respondents were surveyed on financial insecurity, work‐to‐family conflict (WFC), stress, and health outcomes at two time periods, 3 months apart. Results across our studies provided support for the direct effects of financial insecurity on WFC and stress. In addition, appraisals of WFC and stress serve as significant mediators of the relationship between financial insecurity and health outcomes, including a significant overall lagged effect across time, and perceived stress accounting for the largest proportion of variance in the lagged relationship among Time 1 financial insecurity and Time 2 health outcomes. Besides support for conservation of resources and cognitive appraisal theories, practically, our studies suggest that workplace initiatives to reduce financial insecurity could positively influence employees’ work–family, stress, and health experiences

Conceptual Design and Performance Analysis for a Large Civil Compound Helicopter

A conceptual design study of a large civil compound helicopter is presented. The objective is to determine how a compound helicopter performs when compared to both a conventional helicopter and a tiltrotor using a design mission that is shorter than optimal for a tiltrotor and longer than optimal for a helicopter. The designs are generated and analyzed using conceptual design software and are further evaluated with a comprehensive rotorcraft analysis code. Multiple metrics are used to determine the suitability of each design for the given mission. Plots of various trade studies and parameter sweeps as well as comprehensive analysis results are presented. The results suggest that the compound helicopter examined for this study would not be competitive with a tiltrotor or conventional helicopter, but multiple possibilities are identified for improving the performance of the compound helicopter in future research