Police perceptions : external influences affecting work satisfaction

There are many individuals that apply for police officer positions. Some of those hired find the job challenging and rewarding, others leave unexpectedly. The newly hired that separate from the organization early in their career can have a negative impact on the police department. It is believed many of newly hired officers that leave unexpectedly may have not had an accurate perception of what the job entailed from the beginning. To gauge where police applicants from their perceptions of police work, newly hired police officers in Fairfax County were surveyed. The study was designed to take into account common perceptions of police work prior to and after police employment. The findings suggest the media, movies, television and family affect a person\u27s perception of police work to some degree. To overcome inaccurate perceptions of police work, police officials need to form greater partnerships with adolescent children, and other potential police applicants

Development and initial results for roller-deposition metal powder bed laser fusion additive manufacturing

The process of metal additive manufacturing is becoming increasingly economically viable over traditional subtractive manufacturing processes. However, due to the infancy of the technology, there is a lack of documentation on how to rapidly and efficiently design and fabricate a given part. Our research at Iowa State University aims to aid in the discovery and communication of knowledge on the process as well as increase industry understanding of the modern additive process. Initial focus will be in support structures, as the technology requires a connection between a part and the base plate. This report will give an introduction as well as cover the key understanding and developments with support structures for metal additive manufacturing. A large volume of work has been completed during this research in collaboration with industries around Iowa. Many unique projects and designs have been fabricated utilizing this technology, each with their own unique challenge and outcome. This paper will discuss much of the work completed with these companies around design for additive, and the volume of new insights gained from each project

Ranking the importance of nuclear reactions for activation and transmutation events

Pathways-reduced analysis is one of the techniques used by the Fispact-II nuclear activation and transmutation software to study the sensitivity of the computed inventories to uncertainties in reaction cross-sections. Although deciding which pathways are most important is very helpful in for example determining which nuclear data would benefit from further refinement, pathways-reduced analysis need not necessarily define the most critical reaction, since one reaction may contribute to several different pathways. This work examines three different techniques for ranking reactions in their order of importance in determining the final inventory, comparing the pathways based metric (PBM), the direct method and one based on the Pearson correlation coefficient. Reasons why the PBM is to be preferred are presented.Comment: 30 pages, 10 figure

Challenges to the DGP Model from Horizon-Scale Growth and Geometry

We conduct a Markov Chain Monte Carlo study of the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) self-accelerating braneworld scenario given the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy, supernovae and Hubble constant data by implementing an effective dark energy prescription for modified gravity into a standard Einstein-Boltzmann code. We find no way to alleviate the tension between distance measures and horizon scale growth in this model. Growth alterations due to perturbations propagating into the bulk appear as excess CMB anisotropy at the lowest multipoles. In a flat cosmology, the maximum likelihood DGP model is nominally a 5.3 sigma poorer fit than Lambda CDM. Curvature can reduce the tension between distance measures but only at the expense of exacerbating the problem with growth leading to a 4.8 sigma result that is dominated by the low multipole CMB temperature spectrum. While changing the initial conditions to reduce large scale power can flatten the temperature spectrum, this also suppresses the large angle polarization spectrum in violation of recent results from WMAP5. The failure of this model highlights the power of combining growth and distance measures in cosmology as a test of gravity on the largest scales.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables, minor revisions reflect PRD published versio

TIMING ERROR BY CHILDREN IDENTIFIED WITH DCD LEADS TO INEFFICIENT JUMP PERFORMANCE

The aim of this study was to identify outcome and response differences in vertical jumping between children typically developing (TD) and those identified with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Efficient vertical jumping is essential to physical activity in children. The TD group jumped higher as a result of a faster vertical velocity of the centre of mass (VCOM) at take-off. Peak VCOM was greater and occurred closer to take-off in TD when compared to DCD. Earlier occurrence of peak VCOM observed in DCD caused a noticeable loss of VCOM at take-off compared to TD. The timing of the peak VCOM before take-off resulted in large group variation for DCD (CV = 50%) compared to the stereotyped TD (CV = 6%). The difference between groups emphasises coordination difficulties of DCD during vertical jumping

Mometasone or Tiotropium in Mild Asthma with a Low Sputum Eosinophil Level

Background: In many patients with mild, persistent asthma, the percentage of eosinophils in sputum is less than 2% (low eosinophil level). The appropriate treatment for these patients is unknown. Methods In this 42-week, double-blind, crossover trial, we assigned 295 patients who were at least 12 years of age and who had mild, persistent asthma to receive mometasone (an inhaled glucocorticoid), tiotropium (a long-acting muscarinic antagonist), or placebo. The patients were categorized according to the sputum eosinophil level (= 2%). The primary outcome was the response to mometasone as compared with placebo and to tiotropium as compared with placebo among patients with a low sputum eosinophil level who had a prespecified differential response to one of the trial agents. The response was determined according to a hierarchical composite outcome that incorporated treatment failure, asthma control days, and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second; a two-sided P value of less than 0.025 denoted statistical significance. A secondary outcome was a comparison of results in patients with a high sputum eosinophil level and those with a low level. Results: A total of 73% of the patients had a low eosinophil level; of these patients, 59% had a differential response to a trial agent. However, there was no significant difference in the response to mometasone or tiotropium, as compared with placebo. Among the patients with a low eosinophil level who had a differential treatment response, 57% (95% confidence interval [CI], 48 to 66) had a better response to mometasone, and 43% (95% CI, 34 to 52) had a better response to placebo (P=0.14). In contrast 60% (95% CI, 51 to 68) had a better response to tiotropium, whereas 40% (95% CI, 32 to 49) had a better response to placebo (P=0.029). Among patients with a high eosinophil level, the response to mometasone was significantly better than the response to placebo (74% vs. 26%) but the response to tiotropium was not (57% vs. 43%). Conclusions: The majority of patients with mild, persistent asthma had a low sputum eosinophil level and had no significant difference in their response to either mometasone or tiotropium as compared with placebo. These data provide equipoise for a clinically directive trial to compare an inhaled glucocorticoid with other treatments in patients with a low eosinophil level. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; SIENA ClinicalTrials.gov number, .) In this trial involving patients with mild, persistent asthma, there was no significant difference in therapeutic effect between an inhaled glucocorticoid (mometasone) and placebo in patients with a low sputum eosinophil level (<2%), which was reported in nearly three quarters of the patients.National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute6 month embargo; published online: 19 May 2019This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Weighing Neutrinos with Galaxy Cluster Surveys

Large future galaxy cluster surveys, combined with cosmic microwave background observations, can achieve a high sensitivity to the masses of cosmologically important neutrinos. We show that a weak lensing selected sample of ~100,000 clusters could tighten the current upper bound on the sum of masses of neutrino species by an order of magnitude, to a level of 0.03 eV. Since this statistical sensitivity is below the best existing lower limit on the mass of at least one neutrino species, a future detection is likely, provided that systematic errors can be controlled to a similar level.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, version accepted for publication in PR

Study of the Social and Economic Effects of Keystone Reservoir on the Community of Mannford, Oklahoma

Civil Engineerin

Geochemistry of Sublacustrine Hydrothermal Deposits in Yellowstone Lake—Hydrothermal Reactions, Stable-Isotope Systematics, Sinter Deposition, and Spire Formation

Geochemical and mineralogical studies of hydrothermal deposits and altered vent muds from the floor of Yellowstone Lake indicate that these features form due to hydrothermal fluid quenching in shallow flow conduits or upon egress into bottom waters. Siliceous precipitates occur as conduits within the uppermost sediments, as tabular deposits that form along sedimentary layers, and as spires as much as 8 m tall that grow upward from crater-like depressions on the lake bottom. These deposits are enriched in As, Cs, Hg, Mo, Sb, Tl, and W. Variations in major-element geochemistry indicate that subaerial sinters from West Thumb and spire interiors are nearly pure SiO2, whereas sublacustrine conduits are less SiO2 rich and are similar in some cases to normal Yellowstone Lake sediments due to incorporation of sediments into conduit walls. Vent muds, which are hydrothermally altered lake sediments, and some outer conduit walls show pervasive leaching of silica (~63 weight percent silica removal). This hydrothermal leaching process may explain the occurrence of most sublacustrine vents in holes or vent craters, but sediment winnowing by vent fluids may also be an important process in some cases. Stable-isotope studies indicate that most deposits formed at temperatures between 78°C and 160°C and that vent fluids had oxygen-isotope values of –3.2 to –11.6 per mil, significantly higher than lake waters (–*16.5 per mil). Sulfur-isotope studies indicate that vent waters and lake waters are dominated by sulfur derived from volcanic rocks with δ34S ~ 2.5 per mil. Geochemical reaction modeling indicates that spires form from upwelling hydrothermal fluids that are saturated with amorphous silica at temperatures 80°–96°C. Reaction calculations suggest that silica precipitation on the lake bottom is initially caused by mixing with cold bottom waters. Once a siliceous carapace is established, more rapid silica precipitation occurs by conductive cooling. Silicification of thermophilic bacteria is a very important process in building spire structures