A mechanistic-empirical based overlay design method for reflective cracking

This paper describes a new and innovative mechanistically based pavement overlay design method that considers the most predominant type of overlay distress observed in the field: Reflective cracking above old cracks in the underlying pavement surface. Both dense-graded hot mix asphalt and gap-graded asphalt rubber (wet process) mixes were studied, in the laboratory and in the field, to derive the necessary mechanistic relationships and statistically based equations. The models proposed are based on a finite element model that closely approximates actual field phenomena. Many field test sections, in Arizona, California and Portugal, were studied during the course of the research. Other HMA mixes used for overlays may also be calibrated and used through the proposed method. However, the relevant mix properties of any additional materials or environmental zones must first be determined. The two mix types studied are mainly used in the desert southwest region of Arizona and California. The overlay design program is available from the Rubber Pavements Association or Arizona Department of Transportation in the form of an Excel spreadsheet with an easy-to-use visual basic computer program (macro)

Black funnels

The Hartle-Hawking state of $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM at strong coupling and large $N$ on a fixed black hole background has two proposed gravitational duals: a black funnel or a black droplet. We construct the black funnel solutions that are dual to the Hartle-Hawking state on a Schwarzschild black hole and on a class of three-dimensional asymptotically flat black hole backgrounds. We compute their holographic stress tensor and argue for the stability of these solutions

Black droplets

Black droplets and black funnels are gravitational duals to states of a large N, strongly coupled CFT on a fixed black hole background. We numerically construct black droplets corresponding to a CFT on a Schwarzchild background with finite asymptotic temperature. We find two branches of such droplet solutions which meet at a turning point. Our results suggest that the equilibrium black droplet solution does not exist, which would imply that the Hartle-Hawking state in this system is dual to the black funnel constructed in [1]. We also compute the holographic stress energy tensor and match its asymptotic behaviour to perturbation theory. © 2014 The Author(s).J.E.S.’s work is partially supported by the John Templeton Foundation. B.W. was supported by European Research Council grant no. ERC-2011-StG 279363-HiDGR

Black holes with a single Killing vector field: black resonators

We numerically construct asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes in four dimensions that contain only a single Killing vector field. These solutions, which we coin black resonators, link the superradiant instability of Kerr-AdS to the nonlinear weakly turbulent instability of AdS by connecting the onset of the superradiance instability to smooth, horizonless geometries called geons. Furthermore, they demonstrate non-uniqueness of Kerr-AdS by sharing asymptotic charges. Where black resonators coexist with Kerr-AdS, we find that the black resonators have higher entropy. Nevertheless, we show that black resonators are unstable and comment on the implications for the endpoint of the superradiant instability

Numerical methods for finding stationary gravitational solutions

The wide applications of higher dimensional gravity and gauge/gravity duality have fuelled the search for new stationary solutions of the Einstein equation (possibly coupled to matter). In this topical review, we explain the mathematical foundations and give a practical guide for the numerical solution of gravitational boundary value problems. We present these methods by way of example: resolving asymptotically flat black rings, singly spinning lumpy black holes in anti-de Sitter (AdS), and the Gregory-Laflamme zero modes of small rotating black holes in AdS. We also include several tools and tricks that have been useful throughout the literature

Two of the three actin-binding domains of gelsolin bind to the same subdomain of actin Implications for capping and severing mechanisms

AbstractGelsolin binds two monomers in the nucleating complex with G-actin in calcium and caps actin filaments. However, 3 actin-binding domains have been identified within its 6 repeating sequence segments corresponding to S1,S2–3 and S4–6, S1 and S4–6 bind only G-actin whereas S2–3 binds specifically to F-actin. Two of the three domains (S2–3 and S4–6) are required for nucleation and a different pair (S1 and S2–3) for severing. Here we show for the first time that the domains unique to nucleation (S4–6) or severing (S1) compete for the same region on subdomain 1 of G-actin. We further show that S2–3 binds actin monomers weakly in G-buffer conditions and that this interaction persists when S1 or S4–6 are also bound. Thus gelsolin associates with two distinct regions on actin. Since S2–3 does not bind monomeric actin in F-buffer, we suggest that its high affinity 1:1 stoichiometry for filament subunits reflects interaction with two adjacent subunits

Localised and nonuniform thermal states of super-Yang-Mills on a circle

© 2017, The Author(s). At low energies or temperatures, maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on ℝ(t)× S1 with large N gauge group SU(N) and strong t’Hooft coupling is conjectured to be dual to the low energy dynamics of a collection of D0-branes on a circle. We construct thermal states in the gravitational side of the correspondence where we find a first-order phase transition between states that are uniform on the S1 and states that are localised on it. When compared with lattice computations that are now available, these critical values provide the first instance where a first-order phase transition is tested on both sides of gauge/gravity duality

Rings, ripples, and rotation: Connecting black holes to black rings

Singly-spinning Myers-Perry black holes in d>5 spacetime dimensions are unstable for sufficiently large angular momentum. We numerically construct (in d=6 and d=7) two new stationary branches of lumpy (rippled) black hole solutions which bifurcate from the onset of this ultraspinning instability. We give evidence that one of these branches connects through a topology-changing merger to black ring solutions which we also construct numerically. The other branch approaches a solution with large curvature invariants. We are also able to compare the d=7 ring solutions with results from finite-size corrections to the blackfold approach, finding excellent agreement

Lumpy AdS5_{5}× S5^{5} black holes and black belts

Abstract: Sufficiently small Schwarzschild black holes in global AdS$_{5}$× S$^{5}$ are Gregory-Laflamme unstable. We construct new families of black hole solutions that bifurcate from the onset of this instability and break the full SO(6) symmetry group of the S$^{5}$ down to SO(5). These new “lumpy” solutions are labelled by the harmonics ℓ. We find evidence that the ℓ = 1 branch never dominates the microcanonical/canonical ensembles and connects through a topology-changing merger to a localised black hole solution with S$^{8}$ topology. We argue that these S$^{8}$ black holes should become the dominant phase in the microcanonical ensemble for small enough energies, and that the transition to Schwarzschild black holes is first order. Furthermore, we find two branches of solutions with ℓ = 2. We expect one of these branches to connect to a solution containing two localised black holes, while the other branch connects to a black hole solution with horizon topology S$^{4}$ × S$^{4}$ which we call a “black belt”