An investigation of a gray, optically thick planetary atmosphere in convective radiative equilibrium

Gray optically thick planetary atmosphere in convective-radiative equilibriu

Upgrading and testing program for narrow band high resolution planetary IR imaging spectrometer

An imaging spectrometer, intended primarily for observations of the outer planets, which utilizes an acoustically tuned optical filter (ATOF) and a charge coupled device (CCD) television camera was modified to improve spatial resolution and sensitivity. The upgraded instrument was a spatial resolving power of approximately 1 arc second, as defined by an f/7 beam at the CCD position and it has this resolution over the 50 arc second field of view. Less vignetting occurs and sensitivity is four times greater. The spectral resolution of 15 A over the wavelength interval 6500 A - 11,000 A is unchanged. Mechanical utility has been increased by the use of a honeycomb optical table, mechanically rigid yet adjustable optical component mounts, and a camera focus translation stage. The upgraded instrument was used to observe Venus and Saturn

Planetary investigation utilizing an imaging spectrometer system based upon charge injection technology

An intrinsic silicon charge injection device (CID) television sensor array has been used in conjunction with a CaMoO4 colinear tunable acousto optic filter, a 61 inch reflector, a sophisticated computer system, and a digital color TV scan converter/computer to produce near IR images of Saturn and Jupiter with 10A spectral resolution and approximately 3 inch spatial resolution. The CID camera has successfully obtained digitized 100 x 100 array images with 5 minutes of exposure time, and slow-scanned readout to a computer. Details of the equipment setup, innovations, problems, experience, data and final equipment performance limits are given

Development and evaluation of a Hadamard transform imaging spectrometer and a Hadamard transform thermal imager

A spectrometric imager and a thermal imager, which achieve multiplexing by the use of binary optical encoding masks, were developed. The masks are based on orthogonal, pseudorandom digital codes derived from Hadamard matrices. Spatial and/or spectral data is obtained in the form of a Hadamard transform of the spatial and/or spectral scene; computer algorithms are then used to decode the data and reconstruct images of the original scene. The hardware, algorithms and processing/display facility are described. A number of spatial and spatial/spectral images are presented. The achievement of a signal-to-noise improvement due to the signal multiplexing was also demonstrated. An analysis of the results indicates both the situations for which the multiplex advantage may be gained, and the limitations of the technique. A number of potential applications of the spectrometric imager are discussed

The addition of low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy and androgen‐deprivation therapy decreases biochemical failure and prostate cancer death compared with dose‐escalated external‐beam radiation therapy for high‐risk prostate cancer

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy or androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) improves clinical outcome in patients with high‐risk prostate cancer (HiRPCa) who received dose‐escalated radiotherapy (RT). METHODS: Between 1995 and 2010, 958 patients with HiRPCa were treated at Schiffler Cancer Center (n = 484) or at the University of Michigan (n = 474) by receiving either dose‐escalated external‐beam RT (EBRT) (n = 510; minimum prescription dose, 75 grays [Gy]; median dose, 78 Gy) or combined‐modality RT (CMRT) consisting of 103 Pd implants (n = 369) or 125 I implants (n = 79) both with pelvic irradiation (median prescription dose, 45 Gy). The cumulative incidences of biochemical failure (BF) and prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM) were estimated by using the Kaplan‐Meier method and Fine and Gray regression analysis. RESULTS: The median follow‐up was 63.2 months (interquartile range, 35.4‐99.0 months), and 250 patients were followed for >8 years. Compared with CMRT, patients who received EBRT had higher prostate‐specific antigen levels, higher tumor classification, lower Gleason sum, and more frequent receipt of ADT for a longer duration. The 8‐year incidence BF and PCSM among patients who received EBRT was 40% (standard error, 38%‐44%) and 13% (standard error, 11%‐15%) compared with 14% (standard error, 12%‐16%; P < .0001) and 7% (standard error 6%‐9%; P = .003) among patients who received CMRT. On multivariate analysis, the hazard ratios (HRs) for BF and PCSM were 0.35 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23‐0.52; P < .0001) and 0.41 (95% CI, 0.23‐0.75; P < .003), favoring CMRT. Increasing duration of ADT predicted decreased BF ( P = .04) and PCSM ( P = .001), which was greatest with long‐term ADT (BF: HR, 0.33; P < .0001; 95% CI, 0.21‐0.52; PCSM: HR, 0.30; P = .001; 95% CI, 0.15‐0.6) even in the subgroup that received CMRT. CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective comparison, both low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy boost and ADT were associated with decreased risks of BF and PCSM compared with EBRT. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society. The authors retrospectively analyze the impact of combined‐modality radiation therapy on clinical outcomes in 958 patients with high‐risk prostate cancer. The addition of an interstitial brachytherapy boost and long‐term androgen suppression significantly decreases the rates of biochemical failure and prostate cancer death compared with dose‐escalated radiotherapy.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/96383/1/27784_ftp.pd