9,381 research outputs found
Inflated responsibility and perfectionism in child and adolescent anorexia
Objective: The aim of the pilot study was to investigate the cognitive biases of inflated responsibility (IR) and perfectionism in children and adolescents with a diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa
(AN). An additional aim was to provide a preliminary investigation into whether there is an interaction effect with AN severity,
measured by body mass index (BMI). Method: A cross-sectional multi-site pilot study using standardised questionnaires was
conducted and 30 young people diagnosed with AN participated.
Results: Children and adolescents with AN reported significantly higher levels of IR and perfectionism, compared to published normative non-clinical data. Self-orientated perfectionism (SOP) was associated with frequency of IR thoughts. There was also a
significant interaction effect: young people who had a higher frequency of IR thoughts and SOP had lower BMIs.
Discussion: Further independent replication of these results is needed. IR and perfectionism should be considered in the assessment and treatment of child and adolescent AN, both in individual and systemic interventions. This research also adds to the growing body of literature examining cognitive biases of obsessive– compulsive disorder in an AN population, which may offer some
insight into the overlap between the two disorders
Analysis of rolling group therapy data using conditionally autoregressive priors
Group therapy is a central treatment modality for behavioral health disorders
such as alcohol and other drug use (AOD) and depression. Group therapy is often
delivered under a rolling (or open) admissions policy, where new clients are
continuously enrolled into a group as space permits. Rolling admissions
policies result in a complex correlation structure among client outcomes.
Despite the ubiquity of rolling admissions in practice, little guidance on the
analysis of such data is available. We discuss the limitations of previously
proposed approaches in the context of a study that delivered group cognitive
behavioral therapy for depression to clients in residential substance abuse
treatment. We improve upon previous rolling group analytic approaches by fully
modeling the interrelatedness of client depressive symptom scores using a
hierarchical Bayesian model that assumes a conditionally autoregressive prior
for session-level random effects. We demonstrate improved performance using our
method for estimating the variance of model parameters and the enhanced ability
to learn about the complex correlation structure among participants in rolling
therapy groups. Our approach broadly applies to any group therapy setting where
groups have changing client composition. It will lead to more efficient
analyses of client-level data and improve the group therapy research
community's ability to understand how the dynamics of rolling groups lead to
client outcomes.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOAS434 the Annals of
Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
First Detection of Millimeter Dust Emission from Brown Dwarf Disks
We report results from the first deep millimeter continuum survey targeting
Brown Dwarfs (BDs). The survey led to the first detection of cold dust in the
disks around two young BDs (CFHT-BD-Tau 4 and IC348 613), with deep JCMT and
IRAM observations reaching flux levels of a few mJy. The dust masses are
estimated to be a few Earth masses assuming the same dust opacities as usually
applied to TTauri stars.Comment: 5 pages, accepted for ApJ
Seville orange juice‐felodipine interaction: Comparison with dilute grapefruit juice and involvement of furocoumarins
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109875/1/cptclpt20013.pd
Monitoring Breast Cancer Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Using Ultrasound Strain Elastography
© 2019 The Authors Strain elastography was used to monitor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in 92 patients with biopsy-proven, locally advanced breast cancer. Strain elastography data were collected before, during, and after NAC. Relative changes in tumor strain ratio (SR) were calculated over time, and responder status was classified according to tumor size changes. Statistical analyses determined the significance of changes in SR over time and between response groups. Machine learning techniques, such as a naïve Bayes classifier, were used to evaluate the performance of the SR as a marker for Miller-Payne pathological endpoints. With pathological complete response (pCR) as an endpoint, a significant difference (P < .01) in the SR was observed between response groups as early as 2 weeks into NAC. Naïve Bayes classifiers predicted pCR with a sensitivity of 84%, specificity of 85%, and area under the curve of 81% at the preoperative scan. This study demonstrates that strain elastography may be predictive of NAC response in locally advanced breast cancer as early as 2 weeks into treatment, with high sensitivity and specificity, granting it the potential to be used for active monitoring of tumor response to chemotherapy
Cytochrome P450 3A4 and P‐glycoprotein mediate the interaction between an oral erythromycin breath test and rifampin
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109878/1/cptclpt2002114.pd
Detecting gravitational waves from test-mass bodies orbiting a Kerr black hole with P-approximant templates
In this study we apply post-Newtonian (T-approximants) and resummed
post-Newtonian (P-approximants) to the case of a test-particle in equatorial
orbit around a Kerr black hole. We compare the two approximants by measuring
their effectualness (i.e. larger overlaps with the exact signal), and
faithfulness (i.e. smaller biases while measuring the parameters of the signal)
with the exact (numerical) waveforms. We find that in the case of prograde
orbits, T-approximant templates obtain an effectualness of ~0.99 for spins q <
0.75. For 0.75 < q < 0.95, the effectualness drops to about 0.82. The
P-approximants achieve effectualness of > 0.99 for all spins up to q = 0.95.
The bias in the estimation of parameters is much lower in the case of
P-approximants than T-approximants. We find that P-approximants are both
effectual and faithful and should be more effective than T-approximants as a
detection template family when q > 0. For q < 0 both T- and P-approximants
perform equally well so that either of them could be used as a detection
template family. However, for parameter estimation, the P-approximant templates
still outperforms the T-approximants.Comment: 11 Pages - 9 figures. Accepted for publication. Proceedings of GWDAW
9. Special edition of Classical and Quantum Gravit
Efficacy of a self-help manual in increasing resilience in carers of adults with depression in Thailand
Caring for a person with a mental illness can have adverse effects on caregivers; however, little is known about how best to help such caregivers. The aim of the present study was to examine the efficacy of a cognitive behaviour therapy-guided self-help manual in increasing resilience in caregivers of individuals with depression, in comparison to caregivers who receive routine support only. A randomized, controlled trial was conducted, following CONSORT guidelines, with 54 caregivers allocated to parallel intervention (self-help manual) (n = 27) or control (standard support) (n = 27) groups. Resilience was assessed at baseline, post-test (week 8), and follow up (week 12). Intention-to-treat analyses were undertaken. Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated a significant difference in resilience scores between the three time points, showing a large effect. Pairwise comparisons between intervention and control groups indicated resilience to be significantly different between baseline and post-test, and between baseline and follow up, but not between post-test and follow up. Overall, the intervention group showed a slightly greater increase in resilience over time than the control group; however, the time–group interaction was not significant. Guided self-help is helpful in improving caregivers’ resilience and could be used as an adjunct to the limited support provided to carers by mental health nurses and other clinicians
The Formation of Brown Dwarfs as Ejected Stellar Embryos
We conjecture that brown dwarfs are substellar objects because they have been
ejected from small newborn multiple systems which have decayed in dynamical
interactions. In this view, brown dwarfs are stellar embryos for which the star
formation process was aborted before the hydrostatic cores could build up
enough mass to eventually start hydrogen burning. The disintegration of a small
multiple system is a stochastic process, which can be described only in terms
of the half-life of the decay. A stellar embryo competes with its siblings in
order to accrete infalling matter, and the one that grows slowest is most
likely to be ejected. With better luck, a brown dwarf would therefore have
become a normal star. This interpretation of brown dwarfs readily explains the
rarity of brown dwarfs as companions to normal stars (aka the ``brown dwarf
desert''), the absence of wide brown dwarf binaries, and the flattening of the
low mass end of the initial mass function. Possible observational tests of this
scenario include statistics of brown dwarfs near Class 0 sources, and the
kinematics of brown dwarfs in star forming regions while they still retain a
kinematic signature of their expulsion. Because the ejection process limits the
amount of gas brought along in a disk, it is predicted that substellar
equivalents to the classical T Tauri stars should be very rare.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, Accepted by the Astronomical Journa
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