Seishin Habitus: Spiritual Capital and Japanese Rowing

Sport occupies an important place in educational curriculum, such as club activities in Japanese schools and universities; is it also imbued with what Bourdieu suggests are guaranteed capital properties? That is, can physical education help to accrue capital and can such capital become cultural and economic capital? Further, is this capital similar to that resulting from academic education? Although Western culture recognizes Cartesian differentiation, mind and body are seen as one in the Japanese understanding of the individual, unified by the concept of spirit (this is different to the concept of soul). Recognizing this concept of the body is crucial in addressing the question of transferring educational (in this case physical) capital into forms of cultural capital. This paper investigates the responses of members of a Japanese University Rowing club when addressing questions dealing with various uses of the body in rowing and perceived opportunities for future employment

Biogeography of Campanian-Maastrichtian Calcareous Plankton in the Region of the Southern Ocean: Paleogeographic and Paleoclimatic Implications

Analysis of biogeographic distribution patterns among Campanian-Maastrichtian calcareous nannoplankton and planktonic foraminifera from the southern high latitudes provides insight to changes in circum-Antarctic climate and surface circulation surface routes. Both microfossil groups are similarly characterized in the early Campanian by low-diversity, cosmopolitan species with few or no austral provincial taxa. This changes by late Campanian-early Maastrichtian time as austral species diversified and began to dominate the high-latitude assemblages. Maximum diversity of austral provincial taxa occurs during the late Campanian among the planktonic foraminifera and in the early Maastrichtian among the calcareous nannoplankton. Climatic cooling is considered the cause for the decline from 53 nannofossil species during the early Maastrichtian to 20 species toward the end of the Maastrichtian as well as the equatorward shifts of the nannofossil Nephrolithus frequens and the planktonic foraminifer Abathomphalus mayaroensis during the late Maastrichtian. On the other hand, the poleward migrations of the planktonic foraminifer Pseudotextularia elegans and the nannofossil Watznaueria barnesae less than 500,000 years before the Cretaceous/Tertiary extinction event correspond with a negative δ18O excursion observed at Maud Rise Site 690, suggesting that these species shifts were caused by a brief high-latitude warming event. The high degree of provinciality among the late Campanian-early Maastrichtian calcareous plankton reflects segregation of a cool, high-latitude water mass from warmer, subtropical surface waters. A long-term climatic cooling and paleogeographic changes related to the breakup of the southern Gondwana continents are considered the major factors that caused the paleocirculation and biogeographic changes. Seafloor spreading and subsidence between Antarctica, Australia, and New Zealand, northward drift of South America from the Antarctic Peninsula, and a global rise in sea level during the middle Campanian provided new routes for shallow marine communication between the Indian, Pacific, and South Atlantic ocean basins. Opening of these gateways may have also caused a widespread disconformity that separates lower Campanian from upper Campanian sediments in the Atlantic and Indian ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean. Reemergence of a South American-Antarctic Peninsula isthmus in the middle and late Maastrichtian is postulated to account for poleward migration of several keeled and nonkeeled planktonic foraminifera during a time of gradual climatic cooling of the polar oceans. Closure of this gateway could have been caused by a fall in sea level and renewed volcanism along the Antarctic Peninsula magmatic arc. This could have led to a diminished intensity of surface current flow between the southern South Atlantic and southern Indian ocean basins and enhanced vertical stratification and niche partitioning in the austral surface waters, thus enabling habitation by a greater diversity of depth-stratified planktonic foraminifera. A renewed terrestrial land bridge at this time would explain the selective dispersal of marsupials and terrestrial plants across the southern Gondwana continents that has been postulated in several paleobiogeographic studies

Early Miocene quantitative calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy from the tropical Atlantic

A quantitative analysis of calcareous nannofossils was conducted on lower Miocene sediments from Ocean Drilling Program Hole 959A on the West African margin. Combined with data from previous investigations of the lower Miocene from the tropical Atlantic, this research identifies and tests the viability of markers used in current zonation schemes, identifies alternative markers for age boundaries, and examines statistically the most probable order of events in the lower Miocene with the use of the ranking and scaling method (RASC)

High-Resolution Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy for the Coniacian/Santonian Stage Boundary, Western Interior Basin

The Ten Mile Creek area (Dallas, Texas) is a proposed Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) candidate for the Coniacian/Santonian Stage boundary. The Santonian Working Group has designated the first appearance of Inoc¬eramus (Cladoceramus) undulatoplicatus as the diagnostic macrofossil bioevent for the base of the Santonian Stage. Cal¬careous nannofossils were examined from sediments of the Bruceville Marl at the proposed GSSP site and from well-preserved sediments of the coeval Smoky Hill Member-type area (northwestern Kansas) of the Niobrara Formation. Nannofossil bioevents were correlated with the lowest stratigraphic occurrence of I. undulatoplicatus to create a high resolution biostratigraphic framework and stratigraphic proxy for the Coniacian/Santonian Stage transition. Six bioevents are useful for recognition of the Coniacian/Santonian transition within the Bruceville Marl and Smoky Hill Member. The first appearance datums (FADs) of Prediscosphaera desiderograndis, n. sp. and Amphizygus megalops, n. sp. as well as the FADs of two rare taxa, Orastrum campanensis and Tortolithus dodekachelyon, n. sp., are in close stratigraphic proximity to the lowest occurrence of I. undulatoplicatus. In addition, two nannofloral acmes occur near the boundary: Watznaueria quadriradiata and Zeugrhabdotus scutula. This study describes eight new species from the Smoky Hill Chalk type area; Amphizygus megalops, Bifidalithus phenax, Pharus evanescens, Gartnerago margaritatus, Helicolithus tectufissus, Tortolithus dodekachelyon, Prediscosphaera de¬siderograndis and Helicolithus varolii. Light microscope images are provided for rare and well-preserved specimens of Reinhardtites clavicaviformis Varol, 1991, Orastrum campanensis (Cepek) Wind & Wise, 1977, Rhombolithus rhombicum (Bukry) Black, 1973, and Gartnerago clarusora Varol, 1991. This study extends the ranges of several species from those documented in previous literature. Western Interior Basin Late Cretaceous Calcareous Nannofossil Data Set is attached below as a Related file

High-Resolution Pliocene–Pleistocene Biostratigraphy of Site 959, Eastern Equatorial Atlantic Ocean

High-resolution calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy was examined from Cores 159-959C-1H through 8H in 20-cm intervals for the Ocean Drilling Program in the eastern equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Well-preserved marker species occur continuously and are relatively abundant in Hole 959C. Six zones (CN10 through CN15) are identified. All calcareous nannofossils are well preserved. Late Neogene (Pliocene–Pleistocene) sediment is dominated by Florisphaera profunda, Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica, G. oceanica, Gephyrocapsa spp., Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica, R. minutula, and small Reticulofenestra. The sedimentation rate varies from 0.4 cm/k.y. to 13.5 cm/k.y. This strong variations are related to disconformities. The lowest sedimentation rate occurs in the early late Pliocene (Subzone CN12a; 0.4 cm/k.y.), and the highest sedimentation rate in the early early Pleistocene (Subzone CN13b; 13.5 cm/k.y.). The average sedimentation rate from Cores 159-959C-1H through 8H is 1.5 cm/k.y

Disrupted white matter in language and motor tracts in developmental stuttering

White matter tractsc onnecting areas involved in speech and motor control were examined using diffusion-tensor imagingingin a sample of peoplewhostutter (n=29) who were heterogeneous with respect to age, sex, handedness and stuttering severity. The goals were to replicate previous findings in developmental stuttering and to extend ourknowledge by evaluating the relationship between white matter differences in people who stutter and factors such as age, sex, handedness and stuttering severity. We replicated previous findings that showed reduced integrity in white matter underlying ventral premotorcortex, cerebral peduncles and posteriorcorpus callosum in people who stutter, relative to controls. Tractography analysis additionally revealed significantly reduced white matter integrity in the arcuate fasciculus bilaterally and the left corticospinal tract and significantly reduced connectivity within theleft corticobulbar tract in people who stutter. Region-of-interest analyses revealed reduced white matter integrity in people whostutter in the three pairs ocerebellar peduncles thatcarry the afferent and efferent fibers of the cerebellum. Within thegroup of people who stutter, the higher the stuttering severity index, the lower the white matter integrity in the leftangular gyrus but the greater the white matter connectivity in theleft corticobulbartract. Also,in people who stutter, handedness and age predicted the integrity of the corticospinal tract and peduncles, respectively. Further studies are needed to determine which of these white matter differences relate to the neural basis of stuttering and which reflect experience-dependent plasticity

Paleocene Cyclic Sedimentation in the Western North Atlantic, ODP Site 1051, Blake Nose

Upper Paleocene (zone CP8b) cyclic sediment from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1051 on Blake Nose, western North Atlantic, alternates from white carbonate-rich to green carbonate-poor in response to precessional forcing. Compositional differences between the two bed types are minor: mineral and nannofossil composition of the beds vary subtly, but grain size of the terrigenous component and biogenic silica content remain constant. Iron content determined by sediment magnetic susceptibility and iron intensity determined by a core-scanning XRF correlates negatively with carbonate content and are higher in green beds. Kaolinite content of green beds is slightly higher as well. Green beds exhibit lower evenness values than white beds for nannofossil assemblages and are more dominated by the species Coccolithus. Dominance by Coccolithus indicates more mesotrophic conditions over Blake Nose during deposition of the green beds, which correlates with slightly higher iron and kaolinite contents. The absence of change in terrigenous grain size and the absence of any indication of planktonic blooms indicate that there was a minor, most likely eolian, input of iron and kaolinite during deposition of the green beds. The source area was most likely northwest Africa, which supplied iron and kaolinite when source areas deflated under drier conditions. With this scenario, kaolinite is an indicator of drier climate and source area erosion, rather than the warmer and/or wetter conditions under which it forms in soils. During precessional minima or perihelion summer (the opposite of our current configuration), there was an increased range of seasonal temperatures and an increase in the intensity of summer and winter monsoon circulation. As a consequence, there was more rainfall in northern Africa and drier conditions in the continental interiors at mid-latitudes. Green bed deposition occurred during precessional maxima when the North Atlantic was cooler, northwest Africa drier, and the eolian flux to the western North Atlantic slightly increased

Calcareous nannofossil assemblage changes across the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum: Evidence from a shelf setting

Biotic response of calcareous nannoplankton to abrupt warming across the Paleocene/Eocene boundary reflects a primary response to climatically induced parameters including increased continental runoff of freshwater, global acidification of seawater, high sedimentation rates, and calcareous nannoplankton assemblage turnover. We identify ecophenotypic nannofossil species adapted to low pH conditions (Discoaster anartios, D. araneus, Rhomboaster spp.), excursion taxa adapted to the extremely warm climatic conditions (Bomolithus supremus and Coccolithus bownii), three species of the genus Toweius (T. serotinus, T. callosus, T. occultatus) adapted to warm, rather than cool, water conditions, opportunists adapted to high productivity conditions (Coronocyclus bramlettei, Neochiastozygus junctus), and species adapted to oligotropic and/or cool‐water conditions that went into refugium during the PETM (Zygrablithus bijugatus, Calcidiscus? parvicrucis and Chiasmolithus bidens). Discoaster anartios was adapted to meso- to eutrophic, rather than oligotrophic, conditions. Comparison of these data to previous work on sediments deposited on shelf settings suggests that local conditions such as high precipitation rates and possible increase in major storms such as hurricanes resulted in increased continental runoff and high sedimentation rates that affected assemblage response to the PETM