Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis resulting in a totally locked-in state (communication Stage V)

In the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that had progressed to result in a totally locked-in state (communication Stage V), in which all voluntary movements are lost and communication is impossible. In 11 patients, six had phosphorylated TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (pTDP-43)-immunoreactive (ir) neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCI), two had fused in sarcoma (FUS)-ir NCI, and three had copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1)-ir NCI. The time from ALS onset to the need for tracheostomy invasive ventilation was less than 24 months in ten patients. Regardless of accumulated protein, all the patients showed common lesions in the pallido-nigro-luysian system, brainstem reticular formation, and cerebellar efferent system, in addition to motor neurons. In patients with pTDP-43-ir NCI, patients with NCI in the hippocampal dentate granule neurons (DG) showed a neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex, and patients without NCI in DG showed a preserved cerebral cortex. By contrast, in patients with FUS-ir NCI, patients with NCI in DG showed a preserved cerebral cortex and patients without NCI in DG showed marked cerebral degeneration. The cerebral cortex of patients with SOD1-ir NCI was preserved. Together, these findings suggest that lesions of the cerebrum are probably not necessary for progression to Stage V. In conclusion, patients with ALS that had progressed to result in communication Stage V showed rapidly-progressed symptoms, and their common lesions could cause the manifestations of communication Stage V.ArticleACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS.4:107(2016)journal articl

Representative Physical Properties for the Vapor Boundary Layer in the Case of Laminar Film Condensation of Binary Vapor Mixtures : (II) Free-Convection Condensation

The numerical analysis is made for free-convection condensation of binary vapor mixtures quite similarly as the case of forced-convection condensation. The physical properties which are evaluated at the arithmetic mean of the mass concentrations at the vapor-liquid interface and the bulk and the corresponding saturation temperature are recommended as the representative ones in the case of the algebraic solution

Representative Physical Properties for the Vapor Boundary Layer in the Case of Laminar Film Condensation of Binary Vapor Mixtures : (I) Forced-Convection Condensation

The two-phase boundary layer equations for forced-convection condensation of binary vapor mixtures air-water and ethanol-water are numerically solved under the assumption that the physical properties in the vapor phase depend on mass concentration and temperature and those in the condensate film are constant. The results for wall heat flux and concentration mass flux agree well with the solutions of the author\u27s algebraic equations when the physical properties are evaluated at the arithmetic mean of the mass concentration at the vapor-liquid interface and the bulk and the corresponding saturation temperature, or evaluated at the arithmetic means of the mass concentration and temperature at the vapor-liquid interface and the bulk, and agree with the arithmetic mean values of the wall heat flux and concentration mass flux which are solved by using the physical properties evaluated at the vapor-liquid interface and the bulk

Assessment Report of Doctoral Theses

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