Nathan Wachtel, \u3cem\u3eThe Faith of Remembrance: Marrano Labyrinths\u3c/em\u3e

In his preface to the book, Yosef Kaplan, the eminent historian of post-1492 Iberian Jewry, outlines the themes that Wachtel subsequently develops: the geo- graphic mobility and religious syncretism of New Christians in their global di- aspora during the early modern period, and the cult of remembrance by which these baptized Catholics expressed varying degrees of crypto-Jewish identity (xiii). After his reconciliation, at which the tribunal ordered him to wear penitential sackcloth (the sambenito), the youth and his wife, Isabel Vaez, embarked for the Americas, where their wanderings took them to Bahia (Brazil), Buenos Aires, Córdoba and Santiago del Estero (Argentina), the great mining city of Potosí (Bolivia), Cuzco, and Lima (where Isabel died).\n3 In opposition to the reclusive physician and religious scholar Maldonado, Perez amassed one of the largest fortunes in Peru as a merchant of African slaves and lived in a large house in Lima where, as the Great Captain, he supposedly became a leader of other crypto-Jews in the city

Offspring Sex Ratio in Double Brooding Prothonotary Warblers

Prothonotary warblers are bright, golden birds who, with their loud calls, make themselves known in wetland habitats in the spring after returning from their winter homes in the Neotropics to breed. This migratory species is important to study because of their need for these habitats and are declining in population due to the degradation of wetland environments across the western hemisphere. VCU started a project in 1987 to study prothonotary warblers including population genetics, breeding biology, and migration ecology. Since then, with the help of Richmond Audubon Society, the project has erected over 600 nesting boxes along the James River contributing to a database going back 30 years. This makes them an accessible bird to study and, with the collected information, help to better understand the causes of their declin

“Mi amparo y Fortaleza”: Seeing Psalms through a Trans-Iberian Worldview in Espejo fiel de vidas (Life’s True Mirror)

This article studies Espejo fiel de vidas (Life’s True Mirror, 1720) of Daniel Israel López Laguna as an example of Baroque Spanish poetry that reworks the book of Psalms for an audience that like the author were conversos, or New Christians, that is, Spanish and Portuguese Catholics of Jewish origin and their descendants. Likewise, it studies the geographic and spiritual journey of one such Iberian New Christian through the Hispano-Portuguese Jewish diaspora who became a practicing Jew upon settling in Jamaica. Besides showing elements of this journey in López Laguna’s paraphrase of Psalms, the article explores how the poet incorporates features of Golden Age Baroque Spanish into his text. As a result, it positions López Laguna as a Jewish and Spanish author in ways that never seem incongruous, despite the exclusion of Jews from Spain and Portugal during the two centuries before he wrote the poem. Our analysis of specific passages of Espejo fiel de vidas shows how López Laguna navigates a hybrid worldview reflective of his years living first as a New Christian and subsequently as a “New Jew.” The following pages accompany the poet on this journey by situating Espejo fiel within his lived experiences; connecting the poem to trends of converso and Baroque Spanish literature; and discussing how the spiritual wandering, or peregrinaje, and Inquisitorial consciousness that permeate the text represent the converso condition

A Spanish Converso\u27s Quest for Justice: The Life and Dream Fiction of Antonio Enríquez Gómez

Antonio Enríquez Gómez was a seventeenth-century Spanish converso (convert), or New Christian, author whose peripatetic life and multiple identities well represent the perilous and sad reality of Spaniards of Jewish descent compelled to live as Christians. This article will present historical background of the converso experience in Spain as a means of contextualizing the subsequent description of Enríquez Gómez\u27s life during the 1600s both in and out of Spain. Analysis of three narratives written in the form of dreams while the author was living as an exile in France will argue that his criticism of invented inquisitions and those individuals who work for them is not an apology for Judaism. Rather, the author\u27s resistance to fictionalized inquisitions is a call to reform certain practices of the Spanish Inquisition, so that Old Christians (those without Jewish or Muslim lineage) and converts alike can live in a society less judgmental of ancestry and more apt to judge people based on the virtue of their actions

Beyond flu: Trends in respiratory infection outbreaks in Ontario healthcare settings from 2007 to 2017, and implications for non-influenza outbreak management

Background: Outbreaks cause significant morbidity and mortality in healthcare settings. Current testing methods can identify specific viral respiratory pathogens, yet the approach to outbreak management remains general. Objectives: Our aim was to examine pathogen-specific trends in respiratory outbreaks, including how attack rates, case fatality rates and outbreak duration differ by pathogen between hospitals and long-term care (LTC) and retirement homes (RH) in Ontario. Methods: Confirmed respiratory outbreaks in Ontario hospitals and LTC/RH reported between September 1, 2007, and August 31, 2017, were extracted from the integrated Public Health Information System (iPHIS). Median attack rates and outbreak duration and overall case fatality rates of pathogen-specific outbreaks were compared in both settings. Results: Over the 10-year surveillance period, 9,870 confirmed respiratory outbreaks were reported in Ontario hospitals and LTC/RH. Influenza was responsible for most outbreaks (32% in LTC/RH, 51% in hospitals), but these outbreaks were shorter and had lower attack rates than most non-influenza outbreaks in either setting. Human metapneumovirus, while uncommon (<4% of outbreaks) had high case fatality rates in both settings. Conclusion: Attack rates and case fatality rates varied by pathogen, as did outbreak duration. Development of specific outbreak management guidance that takes into account pathogen and healthcare setting may be useful to limit the burden of respiratory outbreaks