Assembly for recovering a capsule Patent

Assembly for opening flight capsule stabilizing and decelerating flaps with reference to capsule recover

Space capsule ejection assembly Patent

Describing assembly for opening stabilizing and decelerating flaps of flight capsules used in space researc

Graph-theoretical conditions for inscribability and Delaunay realizability

We present new graph-theoretical conditions for inscribable polyhedra and Delaunay triangulations. We establish several sufficient conditions of the following general form: if a polyhedron has a sufficiently rich collection of Hamiltonian subgraphs, then it is inscribable. These results have several consequences:All 4-connected polyhedra are inscribable.All simplical polyhedra in which all vertex degrees are between 4 and 6, inclusive, are inscribable.All triangulations without chords or nonfacial triangles are realizable as Delaunay triangulations.We also strengthen some earlier results about matchings in inscribable polyhedra. Specifically, we show that any nonbipartite inscribable polyhedron has a perfect matching containing any specified edge, and that any bipartite inscribable polyhedron has a perfect matching containing any two specified disjoint edges. We give examples showing that these results are best possible

The environmental control and life-support system for a lunar base: What drives its design

The purpose of this paper is to identify and briefly discuss some of the ground rules and mission scenario details that become drivers of the environmental control and life support (ECLS) system design and of the logistics related to the design. This paper is written for mission planners and non-ECLS system engineers to inform them of the details that will be important to the ECLS engineer when the design phase is reached. In addition, examples illustrate the impact of some selected mission characteristics on the logistics associated with ECLS systems. The last section of this paper focuses on the ECLS system technology development sequence and highlights specific portions that need emphasis

Dynamical Self-assembly during Colloidal Droplet Evaporation Studied by in situ Small Angle X-ray Scattering

The nucleation and growth kinetics of highly ordered nanocrystal superlattices during the evaporation of nanocrystal colloidal droplets was elucidated by in situ time resolved small-angle x-ray scattering. We demonstrated for the first time that evaporation kinetics can affect the dimensionality of the superlattices. The formation of two-dimensional nanocrystal superlattices at the liquid-air interface of the droplet has an exponential growth kinetics that originates from interface "crushing".Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

COMPARISON OF MALE AND FEMALE PEAK TORQUE USING A VARIABLE NUMBER OF REPETITIONS DURING A KNEE JOINT ISOKINETIC TEST

The purpose of this study was to assess peak torque in males and females using a variable number of repetitions at five different isokinetic velocities. Sixty subjects, males and females, athletes and non athletes were tested on four separate occasions. Each testing session the subject executed a set number of repetitions, either 4, 6, 8, or 10, at velocities of 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 o·s-1 with a 60 second rest period between each velocity set. The order of repetitions was randomly assigned. A 2 X 2 X 4 X 5 repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the data with &#945; < .05. The independent variables were gender, athlete, repetitions, and velocity with peak torque as the dependent variable. The following were found to be significant: interaction between gender and velocity; athlete and velocity; velocity; gender; athlete/non athlete; but no significant differences in number of repetitions were found. Therefore, peak torque was demonstrated equally regardless of the number of repetitions. However, by carefully reviewing the data for females it was evident that the women athletes did not reach peak torque at any of the five velocities when they executed four repetitions. In the female non athletes only at the higher velocities did they reach peak torque with four repetitions. It was concluded that females may need more repetitions to achieve peak torque than their male counterparts and that this should be taken into account when they are being tested for strength

THE EFFECT OF NUMBERS OF REPETITIONS ON PEAK TORQUE IN ROWER ANS NON-ATHLETE FEMALES WHEN USING ISOKINETIS TESTING

Isokinetic training has been used as a successful means for testing and increasing muscle strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect that different numbers of repetitions have on fatigue and force generation in females and specifically between athletes and non-athletes. Thirty college-aged females (15 rowers, 15 non-athletes) were tested using an isokinetic machine to measure peak torque. Each subject was tested 5-6 times on the isokinetic machine. This included 1-2 familiarization tests and four experimental testing sessions during which subjects performed randomly assigned maximal knee extensions of either four, six, eight, or ten repetitions, through a 90 degree range of motion, at 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300deg/s. Rest periods between velocities were kept constant at 60 sec. Using SPSS 14.0 data were analyzed using a 2 X 4 X 5 repeated measures ANOVA with alpha < .05. Group, repetitions, and velocity served as the independent variables and peak torque as the dependent variable. Peak torque in rowers was also compared to the time taken to complete a 2000m distance on a rowing ergometer. No significant difference was found between the various repetitions at different velocities. A significant difference was found between peak torques at the different velocities (F=1221.37,

A Simplified Approach to Optimally Controlled Quantum Dynamics

A new formalism for the optimal control of quantum mechanical physical observables is presented. This approach is based on an analogous classical control technique reported previously[J. Botina, H. Rabitz and N. Rahman, J. chem. Phys. Vol. 102, pag. 226 (1995)]. Quantum Lagrange multiplier functions are used to preserve a chosen subset of the observable dynamics of interest. As a result, a corresponding small set of Lagrange multipliers needs to be calculated and they are only a function of time. This is a considerable simplification over traditional quantum optimal control theory[S. shi and H. Rabitz, comp. Phys. Comm. Vol. 63, pag. 71 (1991)]. The success of the new approach is based on taking advantage of the multiplicity of solutions to virtually any problem of quantum control to meet a physical objective. A family of such simplified formulations is introduced and numerically tested. Results are presented for these algorithms and compared with previous reported work on a model problem for selective unimolecular reaction induced by an external optical electric field.Comment: Revtex, 29 pages (incl. figures