Method and apparatus for securing to a spacecraft Patent

Method and apparatus for connecting two spacecraft with probe of one inserted in rocket engine nozzle of other spacecraf

On the electrical double layer contribution to the interfacial tension of protein crystals

We study the electrical double layer at the interface between a protein crystal and a salt solution or a dilute solution of protein, and estimate the double layer's contribution to the interfacial tension of this interface. This contribution is negative and decreases in magnitude with increasing salt concentration. We also consider briefly the interaction between a pair of protein surfaces.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, revtex

Continuum feedback control of a Rayleigh- Taylor type instability

Continuum feedback control of Rayleigh-Taylor instabilit

Observation and Modeling of Coronal "Moss" With the EUV Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode

Observations of transition region emission in solar active regions represent a powerful tool for determining the properties of hot coronal loops. In this Letter we present the analysis of new observations of active region moss taken with the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on the \textit{Hinode} mission. We find that the intensities predicted by steady, uniformly heated loop models are too intense relative to the observations, consistent with previous work. To bring the model into agreement with the observations a filling factor of about 16% is required. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the filling factor in the moss is nonuniform and varies inversely with the loop pressure

Constraints on the Heating of High Temperature Active Region Loops: Observations from Hinode and SDO

We present observations of high temperature emission in the core of a solar active region using instruments on Hinode and SDO. These multi-instrument observations allow us to determine the distribution of plasma temperatures and follow the evolution of emission at different temperatures. We find that at the apex of the high temperature loops the emission measure distribution is strongly peaked near 4 MK and falls off sharply at both higher and lower temperatures. Perhaps most significantly, the emission measure at 0.5 MK is reduced by more than two orders of magnitude from the peak at 4 MK. We also find that the temporal evolution in broad-band soft X-ray images is relatively constant over about 6 hours of observing. Observations in the cooler SDO/AIA bandpasses generally do not show cooling loops in the core of the active region, consistent with the steady emission observed at high temperatures. These observations suggest that the high temperature loops observed in the core of an active region are close to equilibrium. We find that it is possible to reproduce the relative intensities of high temperature emission lines with a simple, high-frequency heating scenario where heating events occur on time scales much less than a cooling time. In contrast, low-frequency heating scenarios, which are commonly invoked to describe nanoflare models of coronal heating, do not reproduce the relative intensities of high temperature emission lines and predict low-temperature emission that is approximately an order of magnitude too large. We also present an initial look at images from the SDO/AIA 94 A channel, which is sensitive to Fe XVIII.Comment: Movies are available at http://tcrb.nrl.navy.mil/~hwarren/temp/papers/active_region_core/ Paper has been refereed and revise