17,971 research outputs found
Use of Linear Perspective Scene Cues in a Simulated Height Regulation Task
As part of a long-term effort to quantify the effects of visual scene cuing and non-visual motion cuing in flight simulators, an experimental study of the pilot's use of linear perspective cues in a simulated height-regulation task was conducted. Six test subjects performed a fixed-base tracking task with a visual display consisting of a simulated horizon and a perspective view of a straight, infinitely-long roadway of constant width. Experimental parameters were (1) the central angle formed by the roadway perspective and (2) the display gain. The subject controlled only the pitch/height axis; airspeed, bank angle, and lateral track were fixed in the simulation. The average RMS height error score for the least effective display configuration was about 25% greater than the score for the most effective configuration. Overall, larger and more highly significant effects were observed for the pitch and control scores. Model analysis was performed with the optimal control pilot model to characterize the pilot's use of visual scene cues, with the goal of obtaining a consistent set of independent model parameters to account for display effects
Constraints on the Heating of High Temperature Active Region Loops: Observations from Hinode and SDO
We present observations of high temperature emission in the core of a solar
active region using instruments on Hinode and SDO. These multi-instrument
observations allow us to determine the distribution of plasma temperatures and
follow the evolution of emission at different temperatures. We find that at the
apex of the high temperature loops the emission measure distribution is
strongly peaked near 4 MK and falls off sharply at both higher and lower
temperatures. Perhaps most significantly, the emission measure at 0.5 MK is
reduced by more than two orders of magnitude from the peak at 4 MK. We also
find that the temporal evolution in broad-band soft X-ray images is relatively
constant over about 6 hours of observing. Observations in the cooler SDO/AIA
bandpasses generally do not show cooling loops in the core of the active
region, consistent with the steady emission observed at high temperatures.
These observations suggest that the high temperature loops observed in the core
of an active region are close to equilibrium. We find that it is possible to
reproduce the relative intensities of high temperature emission lines with a
simple, high-frequency heating scenario where heating events occur on time
scales much less than a cooling time. In contrast, low-frequency heating
scenarios, which are commonly invoked to describe nanoflare models of coronal
heating, do not reproduce the relative intensities of high temperature emission
lines and predict low-temperature emission that is approximately an order of
magnitude too large. We also present an initial look at images from the SDO/AIA
94 A channel, which is sensitive to Fe XVIII.Comment: Movies are available at
http://tcrb.nrl.navy.mil/~hwarren/temp/papers/active_region_core/ Paper has
been refereed and revise
Observation and Modeling of Coronal "Moss" With the EUV Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode
Observations of transition region emission in solar active regions represent
a powerful tool for determining the properties of hot coronal loops. In this
Letter we present the analysis of new observations of active region moss taken
with the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on the \textit{Hinode}
mission. We find that the intensities predicted by steady, uniformly heated
loop models are too intense relative to the observations, consistent with
previous work. To bring the model into agreement with the observations a
filling factor of about 16% is required. Furthermore, our analysis indicates
that the filling factor in the moss is nonuniform and varies inversely with the
loop pressure
Targeted Assembly of Short Sequence Reads
As next-generation sequence (NGS) production continues to increase, analysis is becoming a significant bottleneck. However, in situations where information is required only for specific sequence variants, it is not necessary to assemble or align whole genome data sets in their entirety. Rather, NGS data sets can be mined for the presence of sequence variants of interest by localized assembly, which is a faster, easier, and more accurate approach. We present TASR, a streamlined assembler that interrogates very large NGS data sets for the presence of specific variants, by only considering reads within the sequence space of input target sequences provided by the user. The NGS data set is searched for reads with an exact match to all possible short words within the target sequence, and these reads are then assembled strin-gently to generate a consensus of the target and flanking sequence. Typically, variants of a particular locus are provided as different target sequences, and the presence of the variant in the data set being interrogated is revealed by a successful assembly outcome. However, TASR can also be used to find unknown sequences that flank a given target. We demonstrate that TASR has utility in finding or confirming ge-nomic mutations, polymorphism, fusion and integration events. Targeted assembly is a powerful method for interrogating large data sets for the presence of sequence variants of interest. TASR is a fast, flexible and easy to use tool for targeted assembly
Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment (LACIE). User requirements
There are no author-identified significant results in this report
Constructing Gravity Amplitudes from Real Soft and Collinear Factorisation
Soft and collinear factorisations can be used to construct expressions for
amplitudes in theories of gravity. We generalise the "half-soft" functions used
previously to "soft-lifting" functions and use these to generate tree and
one-loop amplitudes. In particular we construct expressions for MHV tree
amplitudes and the rational terms in one-loop amplitudes in the specific
context of N=4 supergravity. To completely determine the rational terms
collinear factorisation must also be used. The rational terms for N=4 have a
remarkable diagrammatic interpretation as arising from algebraic link diagrams.Comment: 18 pages, axodraw, Proof of eq. 4.3 adde
Evidence for Steady Heating: Observations of an Active Region Core with Hinode and TRACE
Previous observations have not been able to exclude the possibility that high
temperature active region loops are actually composed of many small scale
threads that are in various stages of heating and cooling and only appear to be
in equilibrium. With new observations from the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS)
and X-ray Telescope (XRT) on \textit{Hinode} we have the ability to investigate
the properties of high temperature coronal plasma in extraordinary detail. We
examine the emission in the core of an active region and find three independent
lines of evidence for steady heating. We find that the emission observed in XRT
is generally steady for hours, with a fluctuation level of approximately 15% in
an individual pixel. Short-lived impulsive heating events are observed, but
they appear to be unrelated to the steady emission that dominates the active
region. Furthermore, we find no evidence for warm emission that is spatially
correlated with the hot emission, as would be expected if the high temperature
loops are the result of impulsive heating. Finally, we also find that
intensities in the "moss", the footpoints of high temperature loops, are
consistent with steady heating models provided that we account for the local
expansion of the loop from the base of the transition region to the corona. In
combination, these results provide strong evidence that the heating in the core
of an active region is effectively steady, that is, the time between heating
events is short relative to the relevant radiative and conductive cooling
times.Comment: Minor changes based on the final report from the referee; Movies are
available from the first autho
Hinode/Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer Observations of the Temperature Structure of the Quiet Corona
We present a Differential Emission Measure (DEM) analysis of the quiet solar
corona on disk using data obtained by the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging
Spectrometer (EIS) on {\it Hinode}. We show that the expected quiet Sun DEM
distribution can be recovered from judiciously selected lines, and that their
average intensities can be reproduced to within 30%. We present a subset of
these selected lines spanning the temperature range T = 5.6 to 6.4 K
that can be used to derive the DEM distribution reliably. The subset can be
used without the need for extensive measurements and the observed intensities
can be reproduced to within the estimated uncertainty in the pre-launch
calibration of EIS. Furthermore, using this subset, we also demonstrate that
the quiet coronal DEM distribution can be recovered on size scales down to the
spatial resolution of the instrument (1 pixels). The subset will therefore
be useful for studies of small-scale spatial inhomogeneities in the coronal
temperature structure, for example, in addition to studies requiring multiple
DEM derivations in space or time. We apply the subset to 45 quiet Sun datasets
taken in the period 2007 January to April, and show that although the absolute
magnitude of the coronal DEM may scale with the amount of released energy, the
shape of the distribution is very similar up to at least T 6.2 K
in all cases. This result is consistent with the view that the {\it shape} of
the quiet Sun DEM is mainly a function of the radiating and conducting
properties of the plasma and is fairly insensitive to the location and rate of
energy deposition. This {\it universal} DEM may be sensitive to other factors
such as loop geometry, flows, and the heating mechanism, but if so they cannot
vary significantly from quiet Sun region to region.Comment: Version accepted by ApJ and published in ApJ 705. Abridged abstrac
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