Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Seed Oil Methods of Extraction and its Prospects in Cosmetic Industry: A Review

The relative abundance of sesame seed oil coupled with the little knowledge of its cosmetic usage prompted the need for this review. The aim is to discuss the various extraction methods of the sesame seed oil and its industrial applications particularly its application in cosmetic production. The review focused mainly on the traditional African methods of extraction and the utilization of the seed oil in soap making and production of skin moisturizers.Key words: Sesame seed, oil extraction, export, soap, skin moisturizers

Chemical analysis and base-promoted hydrolysis of locally extracted shea nut fat

The study was on the chemical analysis and base- promoted hydrolysis of extracted shea nut fat. The local method of extraction of the shea nut oil was employed in comparison with literature report. A simple cold-process alkali hydrolysis of the shea nut oil was used in producing the soap. The chemical analysis of the oil revealed that it had saponification, iodine and acid values of 136.32 ±1.943 mgKOH/g, 50.50 ± 8.023g I2/100g and 14.77 ± 0.065 mgKOH/g respectively. The analytical values obtained were significantly in favour of the utilization of the indigenous shea nut fat for soap production on commercial scale. The pH of the soap was 10.33, which is in agreement with the pH range of 9-11 set by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control(NAFDAC), due to incomplete alkali hydrolysis resulting from the saponification process. The foam height of the soap was 4.2cm lower than that of Jatropha, sesame and cotton seed soaps analyzed higher than that of Neem, castor and castor superfatted with glycerine soaps. The soap was white and slightly soluble in distilled water.Key words: Shea nut fat, chemical analysis, Saponification, Foam ability and Solubility

Cold- Process Synthesis and Properties of Soaps Prepared from Different Triacylglycerol Sources

This study was conducted to find out how different fats and oils produce soaps of different characteristics. It describes cold-process saponification using different fats and oils. Shea nut oil (SAP value:183.9mgKOH/g), groundnut oil (SAP value:187.7mgKOH/g) and Tallow (SAP value:140.3mgKOH/g) were used. Colour, texture, lathering and cleansing power of the prepared soaps were analyzed. shea butter soap had the best lathering capacity. The groundnut oil soap had the most effective cleaning power .The soaps were also recommended for household use .This activity was also provided to share a delight in chemistry with senior school students and to actively engage them in hands-on-active learning

Soap Preparation from mechanically cold pressed Nigerian neem (Azadiracta Indica) seed oil

Neem seed oil from the neem tree (Azadiracta indica) finds wide usage one of which is its utilization for cosmetics particularly soap products. The chemical analysis of seed oil was carried out using the methods reported by AOAC (1998), Akpan et al., (2006) and Bassir, (1978) which revealed that it had saponification, iodine and acid values of 148.8 ± 1.168 mgKOH/g , 73.76 ± 0.397 I2/100g and 22.37 ±1.168 mgKOH/g  respectively. The analytical values obtained were in favour of the utilization of the indigenous neem seed oil in soap production. The pH of the soap was 9.90, comparably within the higher pH range of 9-11 set by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), due to incomplete alkali hydrolysis resulting from the saponification process. The foam height of the soap was found to be 2.0 cm which is lower than that of Jatropha oil soap(5.4cm), Sesame oil soap(4.8cm), Cotton seed oil soap(4.5cm) and shea nut soap(4.2cm),t higher than that of Castor oil soap(1.6cm) and Castor glycerine soap(1.4cm). The soap was milk in colour and slightly soluble in distilled water.Keywords: Neem oil, Quality control, Saponification, Alkali free, Foamability

Research and Reviews: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Medicinal and Cosmetic Potential of Neem (Azadiracta Indica) Seed Oil: A Review

ABSTRACT Neem, an elegant medicinal plant was found to be the source of various bioactive compounds of medicinal and cosmetic importance. Oil extracted from its seeds is rich in such phytoconstituents. In this review an insight into some literature reports on the medicinal and cosmetic applications of natural phytoconstituents in the seed oil extract of neem was provided as an overview

Chemical Analysis of Some Selected Indigenous Fats and Oils

This study analyzed some chemical properties of selected indigenous fats and oils sources in order to justify their usage in soap production. The iodine value, which helps in finding the adulteration in a fat or oil and judging its suitability for making soap, was determined for the selected fats and oils were found to be 43.3 I2/100g in animal fat 82.6 I2/100g in groundnut oil, 104.3 I2/100g in sesame oil and 55.3 I2/100g in shea nut oil. The values obtained for other parameters such as saponification and acid values also revealed the justification of the use of the selected fats and oils for soap making.     Keywords: Fats, oils and soap making, iodine value, saponification value, acid valu

Soap Production From Shea nut Butter

The study was carried out to explore the use of shea butter for soap production. The traditional method of extraction of the shea nut oil was employed. A simple cold-process alkali hydrolysis of the shea nut oil, which is a village adoptable technology was used in producing the soap. The chemical analysis of the oil revealed that it had saponification, iodine and acid values of 183.1 mgKOH/g, 53.6 I2/100g and 10.3 mgKOH/g respectively. Keywords: Shea nut butter, soap, saponification, village technology International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 5(4): 410-412, 200

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Not AvailableMining, agriculture, urban waste, and a variety of industrial activities are implicated in toxic metal and metalloids pollution. A literature search revealed that most of the candidate plants for phytoremediation belong to Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Fabaceae (among dicots), and Poaceae and Cyperaceae (among monocots). It is generally believed by scientists and regulators that conventional phytoremediation is rather slow. In this context, genetic engineering and related biotech tools have yielded promising results for enhancing the phytoremediation capacity of candidate species from Euphorbiaceae. Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) and castor bean (Ricinus communis) possess enormous adaptive potential in diverse habitats including problematic sites due to their plasticity. In this chapter, possible approaches for genetic improvement and transformation of Jatropha and castor bean for efficient remediation of toxic metals and metalloids are substantiated by literature. These approaches will be beneficial for revegetating toxic metal and metalloid contaminated sites. Cogeneration of bioproducts including biofuel is an additional advantage for economic sustainability over and above efficient remediation.Not Availabl

RESEARCH AND REVIEWS: JOURNAL OF FOOD AND DAIRY TECHNOLOGY Estimation of Some Anti-nutritional Factors in Oil-Free Seed Cake of Egusi (Citrullus colocynthis L.)

ABSTRACT In this study, some anti-nutritional factors present in oil-free seeds of egusi (Citrullus colocynthis L.) seed cake were determined. Oil was extracted from the oil-free egusi seed by the Soxhlet extraction method. The anti-nutritional factors were determined using the standard methods. The result of anti-nutritional factors analysis revealed that the seed contains phytate (3.09 ± 0.65mg/100g), oxalate (16.20 ± 2.12mg/100g), nitrate (1.09 ± 0.03mg/100g), cyanogens (13.78 ± 0.13mg/100g) and tannins (6.19 ± 0.04mg/100g). From the result, the oil-free seed cake of egusi contains some anti-nutritional factors in minute amounts, and this serve as a guide towards their elimination