12 research outputs found

    Respiratory and skin health among glass microfiber production workers: a cross-sectional study

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Only a few studies have investigated non-malignant respiratory effects of glass microfibers and these have provided inconsistent results. Our objective was to assess the effects of exposure to glass microfibers on respiratory and skin symptoms, asthma and lung function.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional study of 102 workers from a microfiber factory (response rate 100%) and 76 office workers (73%) from four factories in Thailand was conducted. They answered a questionnaire on respiratory health, occupational exposures, and lifestyle factors, and performed spirometry. Measurements of respirable dust were available from 2004 and 2005.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Workers exposed to glass microfibers experienced increased risk of cough (adjusted OR 2.04), wheezing (adjOR 2.20), breathlessness (adjOR 4.46), nasal (adjOR 2.13) and skin symptoms (adjOR 3.89) and ever asthma (adjOR 3.51), the risks of breathlessness (95%CI 1.68–11.86) and skin symptoms (1.70–8.90) remaining statistically significant after adjustment for confounders. There was an exposure-response relation between the risk of breathlessness and skin symptoms and increasing level of microfiber exposure. Workers exposed to sensitizing chemicals, including phenol-formaldehyde resin, experienced increased risk of cough (3.43, 1.20–9.87) and nasal symptoms (3.07, 1.05–9.00).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study provides evidence that exposure to glass microfibers increases the risk of respiratory and skin symptoms, and has an exposure-response relation with breathlessness and skin symptoms. Exposure to sensitizing chemicals increased the risk of cough and nasal symptoms. The results suggest that occupational exposure to glass microfibers is related to non-malignant adverse health effects, and that implementing exposure control measures in these industries could protect the health of employees.</p

    Entwicklung von Methoden und Beurteilungskriterien zur Wiederverwendbarkeit von thermisch behandeltem Bodenmaterial Endbericht

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    Various soil materials, each with a different content of clay hevy metals and carbonates were thermally treated at temperatures of 600 C, 800 C and 1000 C. The aim of this was to check how different grades of contaminations have an effect on the heavy metal bonds and if the incorporation of heavy metals can be improved by addings. The registration of the heavy metal bonds of all the samples was made with an eight-step-sequential extraction process. Besides to that the acidity, the conductivity and the TIC-content have been determined. For the additional mineralogical examination the materials were tested by X-ray-diffraction analysis and partly by raster electron microscope. The examinations led to the conclusion that the original compositions of the thermally treated materials (before all the contents of clay and carbonates) have a higher influence on the incorporation of heavy metals than the level of contamination. Through the adding of clay it is possible to improve the bonding of heavy metals especially in primary disadvantageous materials (i.e. poor in clay and/or rich in carbonates). As well as that, the adding of clay reduces significally the volatility of heavy metals. Additional mineralogical examinations were made with thermally treated materials, that weatherd for a period of two years. (orig.)Verschiedene Bodenmaterialien, die sich in ihrem Ton- und Karbonatgehalt voneinander unterscheiden wurden bei Temperaturen von 600 C, 800 C und 1000 C gebrannt. Hierdurch sollte ueberprueft werden, inwieweit sich unterschiedlich hohe Schwermetallbelastungen auf die Schwermetallbindungsformen in thermisch behandelten Materialien auswirken und ob durch Zuschlagstoffe die Schwermetallfixierung verbessert werden kann. Die Erfassung der Schwermetallbindungsformen erfolgte mittels einer achtstufigen sequentiellen Extraktion aller Proben. Ausserdem wurden pH-Werte, Leitfaehigkeiten und TIC-Gehalte bestimmt. Zur ergaenzenden mineralogischen Untersuchung wurden die Materialien roentgendiffraktometrisch und zum Teil rasterelektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Gezeigt werden konnte, dass die urspruengliche Zusammensetzung (vor allem der Ton- und Karbonatgehalt) der Materialien einen groessrern Einfluss auf die Schwermetallfixierung im Zuge der thermischen Behandlung hat als die Hoehe der Kontamination. Durch die Beimengung von Ton kann die Schwermetallfixierung besonders in primaer unguenstigen (tonarmen und/oder karbonatreichen) Materialien verbessert werden. Daneben wird durch die Mischung mit Ton die Fluechtigkeit von Schwermetallen deutlich reduziert. Zusaetzlich wurden thermisch behandelte Materialien mineralogisch untersucht, die zwei Jahre im Freiland ausgebracht wurden. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: F97B649+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

    N�herungsweise Ermittlung der W�rmespannungen in Kreiszylinderschalen

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