136 research outputs found
The essence and driving forces of competition
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ», Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ.The article considers the concept of enterprise competitiveness discloses its economic essence, identifies the factors of driving forces that influence the level of competitiveness of enterprises
Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°
Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ.Development of a composition and a method for producing a porous glass composite based on water glass. Analysis of the characteristics of raw materials, the use of various research methods, such as determination of the viscosity and modulus of liquid glass, as well as X-ray phase analysis and electron microscopy
Identification of Novel F2-Isoprostane Metabolites by Specific UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the conjugation of glucuronic acid with endogenous and exogenous lipophilic small molecules to facilitate their inactivation and excretion from the body. This represents approximately 35 % of all phase II metabolic transformations. Fatty acids and their oxidized eicosanoid derivatives can be metabolized by UGTs. F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) are eicosanoids formed from the free radical oxidation of arachidonic acid. These molecules are potent vasoconstrictors and are widely used as biomarkers of endogenous oxidative damage. An increasing body of evidence demonstrates the efficacy of measuring the Ξ²-oxidation metabolites of F2-IsoPs rather than the unmetabolized F2-IsoPs to quantify oxidative damage in certain settings. Yet, the metabolism of F2-IsoPs is incompletely understood. This study sought to identify and characterize novel phase II metabolites of 15-F2t-IsoP and 5-epi-5-F2t-IsoP, two abundantly produced F2-IsoPs, in human liver microsomes (HLM). Utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that glucuronide conjugates are the major metabolites of these F2-IsoPs in HLM. Further, we showed that these molecules are metabolized by specific UGT isoforms. 15-F2t-IsoP is metabolized by UGT1A3, 1A9, and 2B7, while 5-epi-5-F2t-IsoP is metabolized by UGT1A7, 1A9, and 2B7. We identified, for the first time, the formation of intact glucuronide F2-IsoPs in human urine and showed that F2-IsoP glucuronidation is reduced in people supplemented with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids for 12 weeks. These studies demonstrate that endogenous F2-IsoP levels can be modified by factors other than redox mechanisms
FACT - The First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope: Status and Results
The First G-APD Cherenkov telescope (FACT) is the first telescope using
silicon photon detectors (G-APD aka. SiPM). It is built on the mount of the
HEGRA CT3 telescope, still located at the Observatorio del Roque de los
Muchachos, and it is successfully in operation since Oct. 2011. The use of
Silicon devices promises a higher photon detection efficiency, more robustness
and higher precision than photo-multiplier tubes. The FACT collaboration is
investigating with which precision these devices can be operated on the
long-term. Currently, the telescope is successfully operated from remote and
robotic operation is under development. During the past months of operation,
the foreseen monitoring program of the brightest known TeV blazars has been
carried out, and first physics results have been obtained including a strong
flare of Mrk501. An instantaneous flare alert system is already in a testing
phase. This presentation will give an overview of the project and summarize its
goals, status and first results
ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΉΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΠ±βΡΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ: ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ² ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
, Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ.
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ: ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ².
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π³ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ: Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ² Π· Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ° Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ½, Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°Π»Π³Π΅Π±ΡΠΈ ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³Π°Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΠΎ Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ, ΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ.
ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³Π°Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΏ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ². ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ Β«ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Β» Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΡΠ½, ΠΏΠΎΠ²βΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π· ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ
Humoral immunity in dually vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naΓ―ve individuals and in booster-vaccinated COVID-19 convalescent subjects
Background
The immune response to COVID-19-vaccination differs between naΓ―ve vaccinees and those who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Longitudinal quantitative and qualitative serological differences in these two distinct immunological subgroups in response to vaccination are currently not well studied.
Methods
We investigate a cohort of SARS-CoV-2-naΓ―ve and COVID-19-convalescent individuals immediately after vaccination and 6 months later. We use different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) variants and a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) to measure IgG serum titers, IgA serum reactivity, IgG serum avidity and neutralization capacity by ACE2 receptor competition.
Results
Anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody titers decline over time in dually vaccinated COVID-19 naΓ―ves whereas titers in single dose vaccinated COVID-19 convalescents are higher and more durable. Similarly, antibody avidity is considerably higher among boosted COVID-19 convalescent subjects as compared to dually vaccinated COVID-19-naΓ―ve subjects. Furthermore, sera from boosted convalescents inhibited the binding of spike-protein to ACE2 more efficiently than sera from dually vaccinated COVID-19-naΓ―ve subjects.
Conclusions
Long-term humoral immunity differs substantially between dually vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naΓ―ve and COVID-19-convalescent individuals. Booster vaccination after COVID-19 induces a more durable humoral immune response in terms of magnitude and quality as compared to two-dose vaccination in a SARS-CoV-2-naΓ―ve background
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