Speech Interfaces and Pilot Performance: A Meta-Analysis

As the aviation industry modernizes, new technology and interfaces must support growing aircraft complexity without increasing pilot workload. Natural language processing presents just such a simple and intuitive interface, yet the performance implications for use by pilots remain unknown. A meta-analysis was conducted to understand performance effects of using speech and voice interfaces in a series of pilot task analogs. The inclusion criteria selected studies that involved participants performing a demanding primary task, such as driving, while interacting with a vehicle system to enter numbers, dial radios, or enter a navigation destination. Compared to manual system interfaces, voice interfaces reduced subjective workload and inattention. Time to complete interactions with the interface appear to vary based upon the individual system, with systems that require prompts or provide confirmation taking the longest. Implications of introducing natural language systems in aviation are discussed and recommendations for future study are provided

Modeling Land and Hold Short Operations: Balancing Safety and Arrival Rate

Many airports conduct simultaneous operations on intersecting runways to increase the rate of takeoffs and landings. This requires landing aircraft to hold short of the intersecting runway, which incurs a safety risk of runway incursions in the process. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to analyze the traffic load at maximum operational capacity at Charlotte-Douglas International Airport in order to analyze the fleet types and the rate of those landing aircraft unable to stop short of the intersecting runway. The researchers used the actual and four alternative compositions of the subject airline’s aircraft arrivals, interspersed among other airport traffic, to assess how such changes affect the rate of runway incursions, the rate of operations at the airport, and the mean number of passengers the subject airline can land per hour. The simulation revealed that runway length up to the hold short point was the biggest determinant of aircraft being unable to hold short. The total airport rate of operations decreased when heavy wake turbulence category aircraft were introduced. Despite heavy wake turbulence category aircraft carrying more passengers individually, the decreased operations rate also led to fewer passengers per hour that the subject airline could carry

Neutrophil Adhesion to Human Endothelial Cells is Induced by the Membrane Attack Complex: The Roles of P-Selectin and Platelet Activating Factor

A variety of inflammatory diseases are accompanied by activation of the complement system. We examined the role of the membrane attack complex (MAC) in mediating neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. To assemble the MAC in endothelial cell monolayers, a C5b-like molecule was created through the treatment of purified C5 with the oxidizing agent chloramine-T, followed by addition of the remaining components (C6-C9) that constitute the MAC. Use of this method abrogated potentially confounding effects mediated by other complement components (e.g., C5a). MAC assembly resulted in a rapid (30 min), concentration-dependent increase in neutrophil adherence. A monoclonal antibody directed against P-selectin inhibited MAC-mediated neutrophil adhesion. A whole cell EIA confirmed P-selectin expression after formation of the MAC. Incubation of neutrophils with the platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist, CF 3988, also significantly decreased adhesion, indicating that PAF plays a role in MAC-mediated adhesion. These results suggest that the MAC can promote neutrophil adhesion through P-selectin and PAF-mediated mechanisms.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44521/1/10753_2004_Article_415305.pd

Home Vegetable Gardening in Kentucky

Before You Begin Every aspiring gardener should follow seven steps to have a successful gardening season: Plan your garden on paper before you begin. Select a good gardening site that is: a. in full sun for at least eight hours each day, b. relatively level, c. well‑drained, d. close to a water source, e. not shaded. Prepare the soil properly and add fertilizer and lime according to soil test recommendations. Plan only as large a garden as you can easily maintain. Beginning gardeners often overplant, and then they fail because they cannot keep up with the tasks required. Weeds and pests must be controlled, water applied when needed and harvesting done on time. Vegetables harvested at their peak are tasty, but when left on the plants too long, the flavor is simply not there. Grow vegetables that will produce the maximum amount of food in the space available. Plant during the correct season for the crop. Choose varieties recommended for your area. Harvest vegetables at their proper stage of maturity. Store them promptly and properly if you do not use them immediately

Retrieval as a fast route to memory consolidation

Retrieval-mediated learning is a powerful way to make memories last, but its neurocognitive mechanisms remain unclear. We propose that retrieval acts as a rapid consolidation event, supporting the creation of adaptive hippocampal-neocortical representations via the “online” reactivation of associative information. We describe parallels between online retrieval and offline consolidation, and offer testable predictions for future research

Respiratory and sleep disorders in mucopolysaccharidosis

MPS encompasses a group of rare lysosomal storage disorders that are associated with the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in organs and tissues. This accumulation can lead to the progressive development of a variety of clinical manifestations. Ear, nose, throat (ENT) and respiratory problems are very common in patients with MPS and are often among the first symptoms to appear. Typical features of MPS include upper and lower airway obstruction and restrictive pulmonary disease, which can lead to chronic rhinosinusitis or chronic ear infections, recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections, obstructive sleep apnoea, impaired exercise tolerance, and respiratory failure. This review provides a detailed overview of the ENT and respiratory manifestations that can occur in patients with MPS and discusses the issues related to their evaluation and management. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10545-012-9555-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Treatment experiences of Latinas after diagnosis of breast cancer

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138310/1/cncr30702.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138310/2/cncr30702_am.pd

Shifting perspectives on coastal impacts and adaptation

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports reflect evolving attitudes in adapting to sea-level rise by taking a systems approach and recognizing that multiple responses exist to achieve a less hazardous coast.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Grizzly, April 2, 1982

PA Special Olympics This Weekend • Room Selection Continues • Student Publications Staffs Chosen • Parents Day Plans Offer Variety of Talents • USGA Notes • Letters to the Editor • Dean of College Accepting Nominations for Lindback Award • Class Elections Next Week • News Briefs: Hooters Concert Tickets Now Available; Friends of Library Book Sale; Senior Women Invited to Parents Day Reception; Photography in Space Topic of Final Forum; Scholarship Offered for Students of Hellenic Descent • Food Day: A Chance to Share the Wealth • New Library Survey Conducted • Alumna Presents DuPont Grant • Students Direct Comedy Series • Duet Takes First in Talent Show • F&M Tops Track Team • W\u27s Tennis Drops Warm-up • Division 1 West Chester a Little Too Strong • MAC Champs Back • Harvard Slips by Lady Bears • Batsmen Split Twin Bill • Softball Team Takes Two Out of Threehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1077/thumbnail.jp

Glucose regulation in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Interaction between pancreatic islets and the liver

The degree of fasting hyperglycemia in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is dependent on the rate of hepatic glucose production. The basal rate of hepatic glucose production is increased in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and there is a positive correlation between hepatic glucose production and fasting glucose levels. Diminished secretion of insulin, impaired hepatic sensitivity to insulin's effects, or a combination of these factors could contribute to the elevated hepatic glucose production in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The relationship between insulin secretion and hepatic glucose production is regulated by a closed feedback loop operating between glucose levels and pancreatic beta cells. Although fasting insulin levels are usually comparable between patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and normal subjects, insulin secretion is markedly impaired in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in relation to the degree of hyperglycemia present. In fact, the degree of fasting hyperglycemia in a given patient with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is closely related to the degree of impaired pancreatic beta-cell responsiveness to glucose. Such findings suggest that impaired insulin secretion leads to increased hepatic glucose production, which raises the plasma glucose level. The resulting hyperglycemia helps to maintain relatively normal basal insulin output. Chronic sulfonylurea drug therapy of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus enhances pancreatic islet sensitivity to glucose, leading to increased insulin secretion, suppression of hepatic glucose production, and a decline in the steady-state fasting glucose level.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25595/1/0000139.pd