The study of meconium staining of amniotic fluid and foetal outcome

Background: This study was carried out to determine the effect of meconium stained amniotic fluid on mode of delivery and correlation of thick and thin meconium with foetal outcome.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of obstetrics and gynecology, IGGMC Nagpur from September 2015 to August 2017. All pregnant women in labor with cephalic presentation with singleton pregnancy with meconium stained liquor irrespective of age, parity and stage of labor were enrolled in this study. 200 consecutive study subjects who fulfilled inclusion criteria were included in the study.Results: Out of 200 cases of MSAF, thick meconium was seen in 53.5% cases and thin meconium constituted 46.5% of the cases. The mean gestational age in present study was 39.31 ± 0.89 weeks. Overall incidence of LSCS in meconium stained amniotic fluid is 65.5%. The thick Meconium stained grades had significantly higher NICU admissions when compared to the thin meconium grades (p<0.05). In present study, the total perinatal mortality was 4%.Conclusions: MSAF were associated with higher rate of caesarean delivery. It causes birth asphyxia, MAS, increases NICU admissions and perinatal mortality

Evaluation of cases of infertility by diagnostic laparoscopy

Background: Infertility affects nearly 10-15% of couples and is an important part of clinical practice. Leading causes of infertility include tubal disease, ovulatory disorders, uterine or cervical factors, endometriosis and male factor infertility. The objective of the study was to find out different causes of female infertility with diagnostic laparoscopy.Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted from February 2012 to November 2013. 115 patients with infertility attending the infertility clinic in OPD of Obstetrics and Gynaecology were evaluated clinically with detailed history. The necessary investigations were carried out and the laparoscopic findings were documented.Results: There were 91 cases (79.13%) with primary infertility and 24 (20.87%) with secondary infertility. Laparoscopy revealed normal findings in 14 cases (15.38%) of primary infertility and 1 case (4.17%) of secondary infertility. Pelvic abnormality was found in 100 cases (86.95%). Tubal block was the most common pathology found in 36 cases (31.30%) followed by polycystic ovaries in 32 (27.83%) and adhesions in 24 (20.87%). Uterine anomalies were found in 3 cases (3.30%).Conclusions: Diagnostic laparoscopy is a valuable technique and a mandatory investigation, which, though invasive, is more convenient and more precise for the diagnosis of infertility. Because of its potential diagnostic as well as therapeutic benefits, all patients with infertility should undergo diagnostic laparoscopy as part of their primary workup of infertility

Potential Defensive Involvement of Methyl Jasmonate in Oxidative Stress and Its Related Molecular Mechanisms

Jasmonic acid (JA), cytokinins (CK), gibberellins (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and salicylic acid (SA) are potent plant stress hormones (phytohormones/PTH). Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a volatile ester of JA, is derived from the petals of Jasminum grandiflorum (jasmine). The MeJA has been meticulously confirmed for its food, agricultural, and therapeutic uses in the treatment of a range of serious illnesses. Several scientific articles have studied and reported on the role of free radicals in the development of life-threatening clinical illnesses. The inflammatory signaling pathway is triggered by a weak or interfering endogenous antioxidant system, or the elaborated production of free radicals, which causes damage to key cellular components. The current chapter focused on and demonstrated MeJA’s multifunctional role in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory signaling mechanisms such as inhibition of NF-B (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) pathway inhibition/down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL, TNF-), cyclo-oxygenase (COX), and (LOX). The antioxidant effect of MeJA’s interaction with miRNA, transcription of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nfr2), activation of sirtuins (SIRTs), antioxidant and redox signaling pathway were also discussed in the chapter

Biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility Pattern of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from wound infection

Objective: MRSA poses a great risk to wound patients with potential to cause significant mortality and morbidity in human population due to the development of biofilm. So the present study was undertaken with the aim to know the prevalence of different microorganism from wound, to know the biofilm formation and the antimicrobial resistant pattern of MRSA strains. Materials &amp; Methods: The prospective study was carried out in the department of Microbiology during the period of July 2012 to December 2013.Total of 85 MRSA isolated from clinical samples were identified by standard microbiological techniques and the isolates were further tested for biofilm formation and Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Result: Among 290 wound sample received, culture was positive in 230 (79.31%). The common pathogens were MRSA 85(32.44%), MSSA 60(22.90%), E.coli 25(9.54%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 24(9.16%). Higher prevalence was noted in Obgy (38.82%) followed by surgery (17.65%), Skin (16.47%), ICU(9.41%), Orthopedics(7.06%), Medicine(4.71%), OPD(3.53%), Paediatric (2.35%),Of 85 MRSA, biofilm formation was observed in 70 (82.35%). Strong biofilm formation in 42(49.41%), weak biofilm formation in 28(32.94%) and negative biofilm formation in 15(17.65%). In our study the Antimicrobial resistance pattern in strong biofilm forming MRSA isolates when compared to biofilm non producers was for Amikacin 57.14%/ 26.67%, Erythromycin 73.80%/ 26.67%, Clindamycin 66.67%/ 20%, Ciprofloxacin 90.47%/46.67%, Gentamycin 88.09%/46.67%, Fusidic acid 35.71%/6.67%, Mupirocin 14.28%/6.67%.No resistance was noted to Linezolid and Teicoplanin Conclusions: Early identification and adopting efficient control protocol against biofilm forming MRSA can be one of the essential steps towards the prevention of the most serious nosocomial infections

High grade leiomyosarcoma of the testes

Testicular leiomyosarcoma is a rare tumor. It may arise secondarily following exposure to radiotherapy, chronic inflammation, or usage of high dose anabolic steroids. However, in absence of risk factors, it is rarely seen. Only 15 cases of Primary Intra testicular leiomyosarcoma have been reported in world literature. We present a case of testicular tumor in an elderly male. Preoperative work up showed raised Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. He underwent high orchidectomy. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed it to be a primary intra testicular leiomyosarcoma. A brief case report with review of literature is presented

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Not AvailableRicebean (Vigna umbellata) is a lesser known pulse with well-recognized potential. Recently, it has emerged as a legume with endowed nutritional potential because of high concentration of quality protein and other vital nutrients in its seeds. However, the genes and pathways involved in regulating seed development and size are not understood in this crop. In our study, we analyzed the transcriptome of two genotypes with contrasting grain size (IC426787: large seeded and IC552985: small seeded) at two different time points, namely, 5 and 10 days post-anthesis (DPA). The bold seeded genotype across the time points (B5_B10) revealed 6,928 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), whereas the small seeded genotype across the time point (S5_S10) contributed to 14,544 DEGs. We have also identified several candidate genes for seed development–related traits like seed size and 100-seed weight. On the basis of similarity search and domain analysis, some candidate genes (PHO1, cytokinin dehydrogenase, A-type cytokinin, and ARR response negative regulator) related to 100-seed weight and seed size showed downregulation in the small seeded genotype. The MapMan and KEGG analysis confirmed that auxin and cytokinin pathways varied in both the contrasting genotypes and can therefore be the regulators of the seed size and other seed development–related traits in ricebeans. A total of 51 genes encoding SCFTIR1/AFB, Aux/IAA, ARFs, E3 ubiquitin transferase enzyme, and 26S proteasome showing distinct expression dynamics in bold and small genotypes were also identified. We have also validated randomly selected SSR markers in eight accessions of the Vigna species (V. umbellata: 6; Vigna radiata: 1; and Vigna mungo: 1). Cross-species transferability pattern of ricebean–derived SSR markers was higher in V. radiata (73.08%) than V. mungo (50%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first transcriptomic study conducted in this crop to understand the molecular basis of any trait. It would provide us a comprehensive understanding of the complex transcriptome dynamics during the seed development and gene regulatory mechanism of the seed size determination in ricebeans.Not Availabl