Beneficial effects of fenugreek glycoside supplementation in male subjects during resistance training: A randomized controlled pilot study

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of the glycoside fraction of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds (Fenu-FG) on physiological parameters related to muscle anabolism, androgenic hormones, and body fat in healthy male subjects during an 8-week resistance training program using a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled design.MethodsSixty healthy male subjects were randomized to ingest capsules of Fenu-FG (1 capsule of 300 mg, twice per day) or the matching placebo at a 1:1 ratio. The subjects participated in a supervised 4-day per week resistance-training program for 8 weeks. The outcome measurements were recorded at recruitment (baseline) and at the end of the treatment (8 weeks). The efficacy outcome included serum testosterone (total and free) levels, muscle strength and repetitions to failure, metabolic markers for anabolic activity (serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen), and % body fat. The standard safety measurements such as adverse events monitoring, vital signs, hematology, biochemistry, and urinalysis were performed.ResultsFenu-FG supplementation demonstrated significant anabolic and androgenic activity as compared with the placebo. Fenu-FG treated subjects showed significant improvements in body fat without a reduction in muscle strength or repetitions to failure. The Fenu-FG supplementation was found to be safe and well-tolerated.ConclusionFenu-FG supplementation showed beneficial effects in male subjects during resistance training without any clinical side effects

The study of meconium staining of amniotic fluid and foetal outcome

Background: This study was carried out to determine the effect of meconium stained amniotic fluid on mode of delivery and correlation of thick and thin meconium with foetal outcome.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of obstetrics and gynecology, IGGMC Nagpur from September 2015 to August 2017. All pregnant women in labor with cephalic presentation with singleton pregnancy with meconium stained liquor irrespective of age, parity and stage of labor were enrolled in this study. 200 consecutive study subjects who fulfilled inclusion criteria were included in the study.Results: Out of 200 cases of MSAF, thick meconium was seen in 53.5% cases and thin meconium constituted 46.5% of the cases. The mean gestational age in present study was 39.31 ± 0.89 weeks. Overall incidence of LSCS in meconium stained amniotic fluid is 65.5%. The thick Meconium stained grades had significantly higher NICU admissions when compared to the thin meconium grades (p<0.05). In present study, the total perinatal mortality was 4%.Conclusions: MSAF were associated with higher rate of caesarean delivery. It causes birth asphyxia, MAS, increases NICU admissions and perinatal mortality

Evaluation of cases of infertility by diagnostic laparoscopy

Background: Infertility affects nearly 10-15% of couples and is an important part of clinical practice. Leading causes of infertility include tubal disease, ovulatory disorders, uterine or cervical factors, endometriosis and male factor infertility. The objective of the study was to find out different causes of female infertility with diagnostic laparoscopy.Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted from February 2012 to November 2013. 115 patients with infertility attending the infertility clinic in OPD of Obstetrics and Gynaecology were evaluated clinically with detailed history. The necessary investigations were carried out and the laparoscopic findings were documented.Results: There were 91 cases (79.13%) with primary infertility and 24 (20.87%) with secondary infertility. Laparoscopy revealed normal findings in 14 cases (15.38%) of primary infertility and 1 case (4.17%) of secondary infertility. Pelvic abnormality was found in 100 cases (86.95%). Tubal block was the most common pathology found in 36 cases (31.30%) followed by polycystic ovaries in 32 (27.83%) and adhesions in 24 (20.87%). Uterine anomalies were found in 3 cases (3.30%).Conclusions: Diagnostic laparoscopy is a valuable technique and a mandatory investigation, which, though invasive, is more convenient and more precise for the diagnosis of infertility. Because of its potential diagnostic as well as therapeutic benefits, all patients with infertility should undergo diagnostic laparoscopy as part of their primary workup of infertility

An Intelligent Traffic Light Controlling System

Traffic control is the big issue in today’s era. The management of traffic in India is also a tough job and only manual efforts can’t stop this kind of problem so we need machines. We need a system that can handle such a situation effectively. Today’s traffic control system is able to handle such a situation but not that much effectively because they are static in nature. We need a system which is dynamic in nature so that it can handle traffic smoothly and such a system called Intelligent Traffic control System. In this project we are creating the same dynamic traffic control system which has the ability to control the traffic as well as avoid the congestion of roads. In this project we are dealing with the traffic via image processing. Several traffic control approaches address the problem of reducing traffic jams. A class of them deals with coordination of traffic lights to allow vehicles traveling in a given direction. This project consists of webcam, processor & LCD display installed at each junction. Here each junction and its traffic lights behave like a social insect. Today’s traffic control systems are based on microcontroller and microprocessor. This has lots of limitation one of the predefine structure which can’t be handled by real time situation. The fuzzy logic control traffic system is described in 1995. The fuzzy logic controller follows the same pattern of schedule. Using the vehicle detection system the performance of the traffic control can be managed. Using different types of image processing algorithms the vehicle can be detected so on that bases the traffic lights can be switch. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15030

Comparison of Indian package inserts in public and private sector: an urgent need for self regulation

Background: Package inserts are the authentic source of information for the new molecules in the market. Incomplete and incorrect product information may promote irrational prescribing and may have serious consequences. Hence, our aim was to analyse and compare the information supplied in the package insert according to the section 6.2 and section 6.3 of schedule D of Drugs and Cosmetic Act, 1940 in public (government) and private (non-government) sector.Methods: Package inserts of allopathic drugs which were supplied by government from drug store of tertiary care centre and hospital and from pharmacies on request were collected. A total of 270 package inserts in English were collected that is 38 from government hospital and 232 from the pharmacies nearby the hospital. The package inserts were analysed for the presentation of completeness of the information as per section 6.2 and 6.3.Results: The presentation of information on analysing 233 package inserts (28 government and 205 non government) was not uniform and it was difficult to locate and retrieve information easily due to lack of common layout and heading. Moreover, the package inserts were of variable shape and size with different font size which made it inconvenient for analysing as well as for reference. Posology and method of administration was incomplete in 3% package insert in non- government cases whereas in government supply it was 7%. Use of drug in pregnancy and lactation was deficient in 11% and 14% packages inserts of non-government sources and government sources respectively. Instructions for use were lacking in 25% and 29% package inserts of government and non-government sources respectively.Conclusions: The need of the hour is to further refine contents of the circulated package inserts to make them complete, reliable and up to date. This can be a step forward for ethical and effective dissemination of healthcare services in our growing society

Potential Defensive Involvement of Methyl Jasmonate in Oxidative Stress and Its Related Molecular Mechanisms

Jasmonic acid (JA), cytokinins (CK), gibberellins (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and salicylic acid (SA) are potent plant stress hormones (phytohormones/PTH). Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a volatile ester of JA, is derived from the petals of Jasminum grandiflorum (jasmine). The MeJA has been meticulously confirmed for its food, agricultural, and therapeutic uses in the treatment of a range of serious illnesses. Several scientific articles have studied and reported on the role of free radicals in the development of life-threatening clinical illnesses. The inflammatory signaling pathway is triggered by a weak or interfering endogenous antioxidant system, or the elaborated production of free radicals, which causes damage to key cellular components. The current chapter focused on and demonstrated MeJA’s multifunctional role in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory signaling mechanisms such as inhibition of NF-B (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) pathway inhibition/down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL, TNF-), cyclo-oxygenase (COX), and (LOX). The antioxidant effect of MeJA’s interaction with miRNA, transcription of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nfr2), activation of sirtuins (SIRTs), antioxidant and redox signaling pathway were also discussed in the chapter

Biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility Pattern of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from wound infection

Objective: MRSA poses a great risk to wound patients with potential to cause significant mortality and morbidity in human population due to the development of biofilm. So the present study was undertaken with the aim to know the prevalence of different microorganism from wound, to know the biofilm formation and the antimicrobial resistant pattern of MRSA strains. Materials &amp; Methods: The prospective study was carried out in the department of Microbiology during the period of July 2012 to December 2013.Total of 85 MRSA isolated from clinical samples were identified by standard microbiological techniques and the isolates were further tested for biofilm formation and Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Result: Among 290 wound sample received, culture was positive in 230 (79.31%). The common pathogens were MRSA 85(32.44%), MSSA 60(22.90%), E.coli 25(9.54%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 24(9.16%). Higher prevalence was noted in Obgy (38.82%) followed by surgery (17.65%), Skin (16.47%), ICU(9.41%), Orthopedics(7.06%), Medicine(4.71%), OPD(3.53%), Paediatric (2.35%),Of 85 MRSA, biofilm formation was observed in 70 (82.35%). Strong biofilm formation in 42(49.41%), weak biofilm formation in 28(32.94%) and negative biofilm formation in 15(17.65%). In our study the Antimicrobial resistance pattern in strong biofilm forming MRSA isolates when compared to biofilm non producers was for Amikacin 57.14%/ 26.67%, Erythromycin 73.80%/ 26.67%, Clindamycin 66.67%/ 20%, Ciprofloxacin 90.47%/46.67%, Gentamycin 88.09%/46.67%, Fusidic acid 35.71%/6.67%, Mupirocin 14.28%/6.67%.No resistance was noted to Linezolid and Teicoplanin Conclusions: Early identification and adopting efficient control protocol against biofilm forming MRSA can be one of the essential steps towards the prevention of the most serious nosocomial infections

High grade leiomyosarcoma of the testes

Testicular leiomyosarcoma is a rare tumor. It may arise secondarily following exposure to radiotherapy, chronic inflammation, or usage of high dose anabolic steroids. However, in absence of risk factors, it is rarely seen. Only 15 cases of Primary Intra testicular leiomyosarcoma have been reported in world literature. We present a case of testicular tumor in an elderly male. Preoperative work up showed raised Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. He underwent high orchidectomy. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed it to be a primary intra testicular leiomyosarcoma. A brief case report with review of literature is presented

Comparison of efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of rupatadine and olopatadine in patients of chronic spontaneous urticaria: A randomized, double-blind, comparative, parallel group trial

Objective: To compare efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of rupatadine and olopatadine in patients of chronic spontaneous urticaria. Materials and Methods: A 6-week, single-centered, randomized, double blind, parallel group comparative clinical study was conducted on patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 patients were recruited and were randomized to two treatment groups and received the respective drugs for 6 weeks. At follow-up, parameters assessed were mean total symptom score (MTSS) calculated by adding the mean number of wheals (MNW) and the mean pruritus score (MPS), number of wheals, size of wheal, scale for interference of wheals with sleep (SIWS). Results: Both the drugs significantly reduced the MTSS, number of wheals, size of wheal, scale for interference of wheals with sleep, but olopatadine was found to be superior. In olopatadine group, there was significantly higher reduction in MTSS (p = 0.01), Number of wheals (P < 0.05), Size of wheals (p < 0.05), Scale for intensity of erythema (p < 0.05) and change in eosinopils count (p = 0.015) than that of rupatadine. Incidence of adverse effects was found to be less in olopatadine group when compared with rupatadine group. Cost effectiveness ratio was less in olopatadine group as compared to rupatadine group throughout the treatment. Conclusions: Olopatadine is a better choice in chronic spontaneous urticaria in comparison to rupatadine due to its better efficacy, safety and cost effectiveness profile