Marketed Surplus and Price Spread of Vegetables in Kashmir Valley

The paper has reported the growth of vegetable sector in relation with technology mission, extent and determinants of marketed surplus and price spread of vegetables in the Kashmir valley. A substantial increase in the area and production of vegetables has been observed under Mini-Mission-II scheme of Technology Mission. At the farm level, vegetables have been observed to occupy an important place in the cropping pattern. The intensity of cropping in the study area has become more than 250 per cent due to multiple cropping of vegetable crops. On an average, producers’ marketed surplus has been found more than 92 per cent of the total production of selected vegetables. The estimates of regression function have revealed that the production, area under improved varieties, net price received by producers and education level are the significant and positive determinants of marketed surplus, while spoilage at farm level and consumption have shown a negative contribution. The price spread of vegetables with respect to various marketing channels has indicated that the producers’ share has an inverse relationship with the number of intermediaries. The net price received by the producers is relatively higher in the channels in which the produce is directly sold to the consumers or retailers. Across different vegetables, producers could receive higher absolute net returns in tomato, followed by brinjal and cauliflower in all the channels. The study has suggested that the coverage of technology mission should be expanded to other niche areas of vegetable cultivation. The study has also highlighted the needed effective measures to reduce marketing losses at various stages. Study has emphasized on the strengthening of institutions, establishment of processing units and development of market infrastructure in the area.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Marketing of Milk in Various Agro-climatic Zones of Jammu and Kashmir

The study has examined the prevailing marketing system, utilization, marketed surplus / consumption, channels of distribution, processing / demand and supply scenario of milk in Jammu and Kashmir. The study is based on the primary data collected from 150 households rearing milch animals, 20 vendors and 20 milk shops from each delineated agro-climatic zones, besides qualitative and quantitative information obtained from co-operative / private dairy owners involved in milk trade. Crossbred cows have been found to have higher productivity than of buffaloes and indigenous cows. Marketed surplus as percentage of total production varies from 68 per cent in intermediate zone to 73 per cent in sub-tropical zone. Overall, sale price of milk has shown a highly erratic trend, irrespective of the zone. Per capita milk consumption varies from 338 g/day in intermediate zone to 569 g/day in sub-tropical zone and is higher in each zone than minimum quantity recommended by the Indian Council of Medical Research. Producer share in consumer rupee has been found highest in channels I and IV. The dairy cooperative, a most significant market functionary in milk trade, is either missing or handles meagre quantity of milk. The study of milk processing has revealed that profit per litre in packaged milk is encouraging. Also, organized sector meets only 21.76 per cent and 16.32 per cent demand of the cities and towns of Kashmir and Jammu divisions, respectively. The study has suggested that an integrated dairy development project should be implemented in the state to boost milk production with regular / remunerative market to the milk producers and to capture a major share of urban milk markets with regular supply of quality milk.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Equivalent circuits and efficacy of single-layer ACPEL devices

This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.A series resistance - capacitance equivalent circuit has been used to describe a single layer AC Powder Electroluminescence (ACPEL) lamp in operation. The two crucial components of this practical equivalent circuit are frequency and voltage dependent and have been independently determined for a single layer ACPEL device over a range of 50-800 Hz and 10-150V. The organic binder containing a ferroelectric component is mainly responsible for determining the capacitive element since it acts in series with a larger capacitative contribution mainly from the phosphor. The series resistive element will be determined by mainly the phosphor particles, and the remarkable changes in the effective series resistance and capacitance of the lamp structure are shown to be brought about by the activation of the ZnS phosphor. The effective resistance is consistent with a model where conductivity is governed by the average charge recombination time under given internal field and frequency conditions. Using the effective resistance and capacitance values of our equivalent circuit, the average rate of energy dissipation can be easily calculated as a function of applied voltage and frequency. For sinusoidal waveforms, first indications are that efficacy will be optimized at low voltages, but only weakly dependent on frequency. © The Author(s) 2014

Dynamics and Sustainability of Livestock Sector in Jammu & Kashmir

Agricultural and Food Policy,

PENGARUH KEKUATAN IDENTITAS ORGANISASIONAL DAN IDENTIFIKASI ORGANISASIONAL SERTA KOMITMEN ORGANISASIONAL TERHADAP NIAT BERPINDAH PEGAWAI UNIVERSITAS SYIAH KUALA

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur pengaruh Kekuatan Identitas Organisasional, Identifikasi Organisasional dan Komitmen Organisasional terhadap Niat Berpindah pada pegawai Universitas Syiah Kuala. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pegawai yang berjumlah 655 responden. Peralatan pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kuisioner. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah stratiefied random sampling, sebanyak 200 kuesioner disebarkan dan hanya 156 kuesioner yang terkumpul. Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM) digunakan sebagai metode analisis untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari semua variabel-variabel yang terlibat. Kemudian, penelitian ini menunjukkan pengukuran pada dua tingkat hirarki (pegawai manajerial (25), dan pegawai nonmanajerial (131)). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Kekuatan Identitas Organisasional tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Niat Berpindah pada pegawai Universitas Syiah Kuala, 2) Identifikasi Organisasional berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Niat Berpindah pada pegawai Universitas Syiah Kuala, 3) Komitmen Organisasional berpengaruh signifikan pada pegawai Universitas Syiah Kuala, 4) Kekuatan Identitas Organisasional, Identifikasi Organisasional, Komitmen Organisasional terhadap Niat Berpindah berbeda pada pegawai manajerial dan pegawai nonmanajerial.Kata Kunci: Kekuatan Identitas Organisasional, Identifikasi Organisasional, Komitmen Organisasional, dan Niat Berpindah.ABSTRACTThis research aimed to measure the effect of Organizational Identity Strength, Organizational Identification and Organizational Commitment to Turnover Intention. The population used in this research are employee in University of Syiah Kuala which totaled 655 respondents. The instrument of collecting data in this research is questionnaire. Stratiefied random sampling was used as sampling technique. As much of 200 questionnaires distributed and only just 156 questionaires could be collected. Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM) was used as a method of analysis to determine the effect of all variables involved in this research. Then, this study on research that suggests measurement across two hierarchical levels (managerial employees (25), and employees nonmanagerial (131)). The results are follows: 1) Organizational Identity Strength does not significantly effect to Turnover Intention of employee in University of Syiah Kuala. 2) Organizational Identification significantly effect to Turnover Intention of employee in University of Syiah Kuala. 3) Organizational Commitment significantly effect to Turnover Intention of employee in University of Syiah Kuala, 4) Strength Organizational Identity, Organizational Identification, Organizational Commitment on Switching Turnover Intentions different on managerial employees and employees nonmanagerial.Keywords: Organizational Identity Strength, Organizational Identification, Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention