Cutting Edge: IL-5 Primes Th2 Cytokine-Producing Capacity in Eosinophils through a STAT5-Dependent Mechanism

Abstract Both type-2 CD4+ Th cells (CD4+Th2) and type-2 innate effector cells play critical roles in generating type-2 immunity that can either be protective against parasitic infection or cause tissue damage in allergy and asthma. How innate effector cells acquire the capacity to produce Th2 cytokines is not entirely known. We previously showed that IL-4 induced differentiation of Th2 cytokine-producing eosinophils. To determine whether other Th2 cytokines can also induce Th2 cytokine-producing capacity in innate effector cells, we cultured bone marrow progenitor cells in the presence of various Th2 cytokines. IL-5, but not IL-13 or IL-25, primed bone marrow progenitor cells to differentiate into robust IL-4-producing cells. The majority of IL-4-producing cells induced by IL-5 were eosinophils. Importantly, IL-5 completely depended on STAT5 to promote IL-4-producing capacity in eosinophils. Thus, our study demonstrates that IL-5 functions as a potent factor that drives bone marrow progenitor cells into IL-4-producing eosinophils

Hardware-algorithm collaborative computing with photonic spiking neuron chip based on integrated Fabry-P\'erot laser with saturable absorber

Photonic neuromorphic computing has emerged as a promising avenue toward building a low-latency and energy-efficient non-von-Neuman computing system. Photonic spiking neural network (PSNN) exploits brain-like spatiotemporal processing to realize high-performance neuromorphic computing. However, the nonlinear computation of PSNN remains a significant challenging. Here, we proposed and fabricated a photonic spiking neuron chip based on an integrated Fabry-P\'erot laser with a saturable absorber (FP-SA) for the first time. The nonlinear neuron-like dynamics including temporal integration, threshold and spike generation, refractory period, and cascadability were experimentally demonstrated, which offers an indispensable fundamental building block to construct the PSNN hardware. Furthermore, we proposed time-multiplexed spike encoding to realize functional PSNN far beyond the hardware integration scale limit. PSNNs with single/cascaded photonic spiking neurons were experimentally demonstrated to realize hardware-algorithm collaborative computing, showing capability in performing classification tasks with supervised learning algorithm, which paves the way for multi-layer PSNN for solving complex tasks.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

Neonicotinoid Insecticide-Degrading Bacteria and Their Application Potential in Contaminated Agricultural Soil Remediation

Recent advances in the microbial degradation of persistent organic pollutants have the potential to mitigate the damage caused by anthropogenic activities that are harmfully impacting agriculture soil ecosystems and human health. In this paper, we summarize the pollution characteristics of neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) in agricultural fields in China and other countries and then discuss the existing research on screening for NNI-degrading functional bacterial strains, their degradation processes, the construction of microbial consortia, and strategies for their application. We explore the current needs and solutions for improving the microbial remediation rate of NNI-contaminated soil and how these solutions are being developed and applied. We highlight several scientific and technological advances in soil microbiome engineering, including the construction of microbial consortia with a broad spectrum of NNI degradation and microbial immobilization to improve competition with indigenous microorganisms through the provision of a microenvironment and niche suitable for NNI-degrading bacteria. This paper highlights the need for an interdisciplinary approach to improving the degradation capacity and in situ survival of NNI-degrading strains/microbial consortia to facilitate the remediation of NNI-contaminated soil using strains with a broad spectrum and high efficiency in NNI degradation

RESEARCH ON THE AXIAL CARRYING CAPACITY OF ANGULAR CONTACT BALL BEARINGS BASED ON COMBINED LOADS

Aim at difficulty to calculate the angular contact ball bearings’ axial carrying capacity in combined loads,considering the different of every roller suffered load and the actual contact angle,using deformation coordination principle and Hertz contact theory,the critical condition is that the actual contact angle is not exceed the safety contact angle,which any roller contact ellipse is not truncated. According to the above-mentioned and basing on a general algorithm of axial carrying capacity subjected to pure axial load,this paper proposed the improved algorithm to calculate the axial carrying capacity in combined loads. Relying on professional software analyzing,the improved algorithm has been well validated,and it is of engineering significance. Using the SKF 7316 BECBM bearing as an example,the above two algorithms are compared and analyzed. The results showed that: The radial load will make axial carrying capacity of angular contact ball bearing appropriately increase. The bending moment will make it significantly reduced,and with the increase of bending moment,the carrying capacity of axial load decreases faster. Compared with the radial load,bending moment is the dominant factor in changing of axial carrying capacity

USRP and LabVIEW: A flexible software defined radio-based UHF RFID reader

This paper presents a UHF RFID Reader designed as a learning tool for experimentation. Radio frequency identification (RFID), as one of significant techniques applied in the internet of things (IoT) domain, is widely used in recognition and item-level tracking. Compare to the commercial RFID Reader with fixed circuits and physical/ MAC layer parameters, the UHF RFID Reader presented in this paper is based on software-defined radio platform to achieve researching of reader performance with flexible physical/MAC layer parameters. The reader is built using NI USRP software radio platform in conjunction with software based on NI LabVIEW. Parameters can be modified flexibly and easily by user from front panel of this reader. Process of transmitting and receiving on reader can be monitored from front panel clearly as well. 16-bit random number sequence responded by a commercial Tag after a correct Query command can be detected within half meter using this UHF Reader. All the designs of this reader are based on EPC Gen-2 RFID protocol, any further research based on this reader can be easily connected and tested with commercial Tags

THE DYNAMICS RESEARCH AND TEST VERIFICATION BASED ON THE MISALIGNMENT OF THE HIGH-SPEED SHAFT

Based on the misalignment of the high shaft,the paper puts forward an improved algorithm about the exciting force and torque generated by the coupling misalignment,which is under the influence of gyroscopic effect and inertial forces.Through the centralized mass method,the rotor system is simplified as a multi-disc system. According to the force balance and the coordination deformation motion system the establishment of the rotor of the differential equations,obtained exciting force and torque. N rotor systems are calculated the exciting force and torque caused by coupling misalignment via using the improved algorithm. According to the principles of probability and statistics,its characterization value can be got. Taking a high-speed flywheel housing for example,as a load is applied in a limited element dynamic simulation model carried harmonic response simulation,vibration test results with comparative analysis of the test results,which have been well validated,with a certain sense of engineering applications